102 TIIELI'PHONIDJ:. 



of a long, hairy, many-jointed feeler or flagellum. Last abdominal 

 segment in all the Indian species bearing at the base of the fla- 

 gellum a pair of yellow spots, the ommatoids. Respiratory organs 

 in the form of two pairs of pulmonary sacs, the first pair opening 

 behind the 1st abdominal sternum in a line with the generative 

 orifice, the second pair behind the 2nd sternum. 



Sexual characters. — Adult males differ from the females and 

 young males in having the chelae longer and thicker, or otherwise 

 modified, and the 1st abdominal sternum considerably inflated. 



Hahits. Whip-Scorpions are found in damp places beneath 

 stones or pieces of wood, in the crannies of rocks or of termites' 

 nests, or other crevices where shelter from light and protection 

 from the rays of the sun are obtainable. Some of the spe.-ies 

 excavate burrows for the protection of themselves and their young. 

 The young are hatched from eggs, which the female previously 

 carries about ensvvathed in a glutinous membrane and attached to 

 Ihe lower side of the abdomen. 



Distribution. Oriental Region from India and Ceylon to the Fiji 

 Islands and New Hebrides, and extending northwards into China 

 and Southern Japan ; Neotropical Region from Brazil northwards 

 into the Southern States of North America. Absent from Africa, 

 Madagascar, Australia, and New Zealand. 



In the following descriptions the chela? are regarded as extending 

 forwards in a direction parallel to the long axis of the body. The 

 total measurement is taken from the front end of the head to 

 the base of the caudal filament. 



Family THELYPHONID^E. 



Characters of the suborder. 



Synopsis of Indian Genera. 



a. ( Jarapace with a sharp keel running forwards 



en each .side of the head in front of the 



lateral eyes; ocular tubercle high. 



a 1 . Maxillary process of coxa of chela armed 



on its inner edge with a strong sharp 



spiniform tooth Ukopbocttjs, p. 100. 



//. Maxillary process of coxa of chela, r.ot 



armed ■with a tooth on the inner .side . . TiiKi.vrnoM's, p. 10.'!. 

 It. Carapace without a heel running forward 

 from the lateral eye on each .side of the 

 head ; ocular tubercle low. 

 a 2 . Maxillary process of coxa of chela with 



;i strong sharp tooth on its inner margin. LAisocninus, p. 107. 

 I)'. .Maxillary process of coxa of chela 



unarmed internally Hypoctonvs, p. 111. 



