80 Field Columbian Museum — Anthropology, Vol. VII. 



of the tipi, accompanied by the grandfathers and musicians, as 

 on the preceding day. They formed in one long line, facing the 

 east and danced until the sun appeared. Again they prayed long 

 and earnestly, as on the preceding night. They re-entered the tipi, 

 and after a short period of inactivity, they received their second 

 paint. By seven o'clock they were again ready for the dance, and, 

 rising, they stood and prayed for nearly a quarter of an hour. Then 

 they danced, facing the centre-pole, while the grandfathers earnestly 

 exhorted and encouraged them. 



Several times during the day they left the tipi as on the pre- 

 ceding day, and danced with their eyes fully turned towards the 

 blazing sun. Many times during this dance the grandfathers worked 

 themselves and subjects into a frenzy of excitement, waving before 

 the dancers their wreaths and shields, or by means of small hand- 

 mirrors reflecting the sun directly in their subjects' eyes; at other 

 times running about the dancers, gesticulating frantically, or directing 

 their attention to something in the sun which they themselves could 

 see, and wished that the dancers might see. (See Pis. XVIII and 

 XIX.) 



Throughout the day's performance there was much feasting 

 about the camp, and many ponies and other presents were given away 

 during the dancing episodes. Many presents, especially ponies, 

 were also given to a band of about thirty Pawnees, who were visit- 

 ing the Poncas on this occasion. During the day there were also 

 held many mourning feasts and dances, at different points in the 

 camp-circle, and in the afternoon the women held a scalp dance. 

 (See PI. XX.) 



FIFTH DAY. 

 The Sunrise Dance. 

 At five in the morning the dancers were still asleep, lying in a 

 circle about the edge of the lodge, their heads turned towards the 

 centre-pole. Shortly after, they began to awaken, and before sun- 

 rise they had brushed their hair carefully and adjusted their cos- 

 tume. Led by the musicians, who beat in irregular time upon the 

 drum, they passed outside the lodge and faced towards the east, 

 and, raising both hands towards the sun, prayed for fifteen minutes. 

 Then, to the exhortations of the grandfathers, or the jingling of bells, 

 the waving of bandoleers, etc., they danced during four songs. After 

 the dance they returned to the lodge to receive the third paint. By 

 eight o'clock all were ready. They passed out of the lodge in groups 

 and not in single file as before. Each group, led by its leader, went 



