48 Field Columbian Museum — Anthropology, Vol. IV. 



CEREMONIAL SMOKING. 



Before the covering for the door of the lodge had been put in 

 place, Watdngaa, reaching across the fireplace from his position at the 

 south door, took up the pipe, which he lighted from a coal now brought 

 him by one of the messengers. After puffing on the pipe for a few 

 moments to get it thoroughly lighted, he pointed the stem toward the 

 east, toward the Wheel, and toward the fireplace, and then smoked. 

 The pipe was then passed around the circle to Watanah, north of the 

 door, each taking a few whiffs. The pipe was then passed back to 

 Watdngaa unsmoked, whereupon, it again made the circuit sunwise, 

 being smoked by each individual as before. Thus the pipe made the 

 circuit four times, when it was passed out of the lodge and placed on 

 the north side of the buffalo skull. 



The stones were now thoroughly heated, and were passed into the 

 lodge, one by one, by the messengers. The first five stones passed 

 in were deposited, one by one at the door, when they were taken 

 up by Watangaa with a fork-shaped stick, and placed on the fire- 

 place, the first one being at the southeast corner of the fireplace, 

 the second at the southwest corner, the third at the northwest, the 

 fourth at the northeast, and the fifth in the center just over the 

 smaller and deeper excavation in which, shortly before, the offering 

 of spruce-leaves had been made. Other stones, then, to the number of 

 about twenty-five, were passed in, and were piled up indiscriminately 

 upon these, until the pile was over a foot in height. Blankets, which 

 had been worn by those within as they entered the lodge, were now 

 passed to the messengers outside. Two buckets of water and a dipper 

 were now passed in, and one or two additional men entered. 



Although the door of the lodge still remained open, the heat 

 within at this time, was excessive, and the bodies of the men were 

 bathed with perspiration. It is probable that the heat registered not 

 less than 145°. From the two buckets of water standing just inside 

 and near the fireplace a cupful was taken up and passed to each 

 member, who on receiving the cup, drank a little and poured the 

 remainder on his head and body. The odor of the fresh sage at this 

 time was very pungent. 



THE CEREMONIAL BATH. 



The two servants outside then thoroughly covered the opening of 

 the lodge. Watdnah uttered a prayer, followed by Chanitoe this time, 

 the prayer being accompanied by the shaking of the rattle in the hands 

 of Watdngaa. 



