i8 Field Columbian Museum — Anthropology, Vol. IV. 



of the pipe toward the southeast, the southwest, the northwest, and 

 the northeast; then, reversing the pipe so that the stem was upper- 

 most, he pointed the stem above, and then to the ground. 



Watingaa now arose, went over and knelt in front of Nishchdna- 

 kati. With his right hand he made four passes toward the right hand 

 of Nishchanakati, who held the pipe in front, the tip of the stem rest- 

 ing on the ground. With the fifth motion, Watdngaa placed his hand 

 over Nishchdnakati's hand. His left hand he placed on Nishchdna- 

 kati's head. In this position, the latter slowly motioned the pipe 

 toward Watdngaa four times, whereupon, Watdngaa slowly withdrew 

 the pipe from Nishchdnakati's hand. Watdngaa lighted the pipe with 

 a coal by the side of the fireplace, and returned the pipe to Nishchdna- 

 kati, who gave one puff to each of the southeast, southwest, north- 

 west, and northeast points, to the above and to the below, and then 

 passed the pipe to the man on his right, who in turn passed it without 

 smoking, to the man next to the door, on the south side. This man 

 now puffed on the pipe several times, whereupon it traveled entirely 

 around the circuit, until it reached Watdngaa, who was sitting on the 

 north side of the door, whereupon it was passed back unsmoked, to 

 the man on the south side of the door, when it again made the circuit 

 to the north entrance, being smoked by each individual. This per- 

 formance was repeated in all four times, whereupon the pipe was 

 passed* back, unsmoked, to Nishchdnakati, who holding it in his left 

 hand, made four passes with the tamper toward the bowl, then tamped 

 inside the southeast corner of the bowl, then, without further empty- 

 ing, he tamped on the southwest, then northwest, and then northeast 

 corners, and then in the middle. The loosened ashes were then 

 removed, whereupon he again tamped the pipe, but without making 

 the passes as before. The pipe was tamped and emptied twice again 

 — four times in all. Then he held the pipe in his left hand, with the 

 point of the stem resting upon the ashes, and with his right hand he 

 rubbed down the pipe from the bowl to the ashes. This operation was 

 repeated three additional times, the pipe being transferred from one 

 hand to the other each time. The pipe was now held horizontally in 

 front of him, with bowl <)ut in front, and was rubbed as before four 

 times, twice with each hand. Then he stood the pipe in front of him 

 with the stem upon the ashes, whereupon it was received by Watdngaa, 

 who finished cleaning the pipe. 



Watdngaa now arose from his position as before, and sat down 

 just to the south of the skull and the wheel, facing the east. Debithe 

 left his position in the circle, and stepping behind Watdngaa, lifted the 

 Wheel, together with the bunch of sage upon which the Wheel rested, 



