54 Field Columbian Museum — Anthropology, Vol. IV. 



To each pile of tobacco, following the same sunwise circuit, he then 

 added a small pinch of black paint. Next was added a pinch of red 

 paint to each of the piles. He then, with the first finger of his right 

 hand, shoved each of the four outlying piles to the central pile, beginning 

 with that of the southeast. To the single pile thus formed, he added 

 additional tobacco, and thoroughly mixed the tobacco with the paint. 



Touching his forefinger to the ground, and then touching his 

 tongue, and taking a bite of root, he spat four times toward the pipe, 

 picked it up, added an old straight stem, circular in shape, in ^cross 

 section, which iie fastened to the bowl, tying it by means of a cord, 

 which, up to this time, had been loosely wrapped around the bowl, and 

 then uttered a prayer. He then rested the point of the stem upon 

 the ground and held the pipe with both hands, with the bowl up. 

 Chanitoe took up a pinch of tobacco, spat toward the bowl, and placed 

 the tobacco inside of the bowl. He did this a second, third, fourth, 

 and fifth time, being careful as he added each pinch to follow the cere- 

 monial circuit, the fifth pinch of tobacco being added to the pipe in 

 the center of the bowl. Hdwkan tamped the tobacco down four times, 

 performing first, however, with the tamper, the five ceremonial mo- 

 tions. He then handed the tamper to Chanitoe, who went through the 

 same performance. The latter gave a piece of tallow to Hdwkan, who 

 rolled it in the black paint. He then spat upon it five times and rolled 

 it into a little ball, with which he touched the rim of the bowl of the pipe 

 five times, beginning on the southeast corner and ending in the center; 

 the mouth of the bowl was thus covered with the blackened tallow. 



Hdwkan now gave the pipe to Chanitoe, who held it perpendicular 

 to his body, with the bowl up, and pressed it, first on his right breast, 

 and then on the left, then right, then left, and then along the middle 

 line of his body. He then deposited it just south of the buffalo skull, 

 the bowl extending toward the fireplace and the end of the stem rest- 

 ing on the right horn of the buffalo skull. 



THE CEREMONIAL DIGGING-STICK. 



In the mean time, Wadnibe, the wife of Hdwkan, left the lodge 

 and returned shortly with a cottonwood billet, about one and one-half 

 inches in diameter and about three and a half feet long. This she 

 fashioned into a digging-stick by decorticating and sharpening it at one 

 end. She then handed it to Waakdtani, who daubed it all over with 

 red paint. Nadseh (Walking-Around), or Grant Left-Hand, a member 

 of the Star society, now brought in a bunch of long, tough grass about 

 two feet in length, which he passed to Hdwkan, who laid it on the 

 ground in front of him. He next took two long pieces of sinew, tied 



