26o Field Columbian Museum — Anthropology, Vol. VIII. 



counter. The Hopi at that time had a great many buckskins. 

 Every warrior wrapped two or even more of these around the upper 

 part of his body, taking care that the thick head and neck part of the 

 buckskin covered his chest or abdomen. Arrows and bows were 

 secured wherever they could be gotten. Furthermore, they armed 

 themselves with stone tomahawks, boomerangs, and thro wing-sticks 

 of every description. Some put the head-dresses peculiar to their 

 societies on their heads, for instance, those belonging to the Horn 

 Society, two horns; those belonging to the Agave Society, one horn; 

 and so on. Most of them tied some feathers into their hair. When 

 all were ready they lined up north of the village, filling the whole 

 space from the rim of the east side to the edge on the west side of the 

 mesa. The warrior chief of the Burrowing Owl clan performed cer- 

 tain war rites, the same, it is said, that are still performed as a part 

 of the great Soyal ceremony. 



A water tray was placed on the ground, many fetishes and amu- 

 lets, bones, etc., were placed around the medicine bowl, and a num- 

 ber of war songs chanted. At the conclusion of the ceremony the 

 bodies of all the warriors were decorated with certain spots, the 

 material used being a peculiar stone, which is found west of Oraibi. 

 This stone is called pookdngnayoo (war god vomisis). The war chief 

 pulverized this stone, mixed it with the water from the medicine 

 bowl, and decorated the bodies of the warriors by rubbing his hand 

 over the outside of the lower and upper leg close to the knee, the out- 

 side of the lower and upper arm close to the elbow, and over his heart 

 and back. It is, in fact, the same decoration which may now be seen 

 on the body of the snake dancers. 



By this time the Navaho began to come nearer and the Hopi 

 drew up in line ready to meet them. The leader of the Navaho, being 

 mounted on a pony and dressed in a large piece of bayetta (a red 

 European cloth), with not only his but also his pony's body covered, 

 rode up to the Hopi. After saying something to them, which, how- 

 ever, history has failed to record, he shot the first arrow into the 

 crowd of the Hopi. without hitting any of them. Hereupon he swung 

 around his pony and dashed back to his people, who now rushed 

 towards the Hopi, and the battle was opened. The sun had not yet 

 risen. The battle at once became very fierce; the Agave, Snake, 

 Lizzard, Burrowing Owl, and Squash clans took the lead. They were 

 armed with shields, war clubs, tomahawks, etc. They were followed 

 by those fighting with bows and arrows. While the first line served 

 with their shields as a protection, striking, of course, their assailants 

 with their war clubs wherever they had an opportunity, the archers 



