14 Field Columbian Museum — Anthropology, Vol. III. 



half-brother of Lolulomai, and is also the father of Puhumsha. 

 Naioshi is the father of Nakwdyeshtiwa ; Tanakyeshtiwa is the father 

 of Siyamtiwa, while his daughter is married to Taldssmoniwa. 



TIME AND DURATION OF CEREMONY. 



In 1893 the celebration of Soyalanwu extended from December 

 nth to 19th inclusive; in 1897 from December 15th to 23d inclusive; 

 in 1899 from December 8th to i6th ; in 1900, December i6th to 24th. 

 Thus it will be seen that the ceremony is of nine days duration, but 

 what determines the initial day has not been ascertained; except that 

 it seems to be the sixteenth day after the appearing of the Soyalkatcina, 

 who comes on the day following the Wowochim ceremony and erects 

 at the Ponovi kiva the Soyal natsi, which remains there four days, when 

 it is taken into the kiva. The Soyal ceremony, as is generally the 

 case with all Hopi nine-day ceremonies, is preceded by a brief meet- 

 ing called Bahdlawu, which in other ceremonies takes place eight 

 days before the beginning of the ceremony proper, but in this case on 

 the day before. On the morning following this preliminary, the time of 

 the principal ceremony is announced by the crier, the announcement 

 being called chaalaivu or tinapnvu. On the occasions of Bahdlawu a 

 few of the more responsible leaders, the number varying from year to 

 year, including the village crier, assemble either in some house or 

 in the kiva where the ceremony is to be held, make a few bahos and 

 nakwakwosis, indulge in ceremonial smoking and decide upon the 

 time of the public announcement of the ceremony. One of the bahos 

 and a few of the nakwakwosis here made are delivered over to the vil- 

 lage crier, with the instructions that he make the announcement on 

 the following morning. The other prayer offerings are deposited at 

 various shrines and other places. The crier deposits his bahos in a 

 shrine which stands upon the roof of a certain house in Oraibi, from 

 which he then announces in a loud voice the time of the beginning of 

 the approaching ceremony. From this house all announcements of 

 a religious nature are made. The nine days of the ceremony have 

 the following names:* 



I St Day, Yiinfia (going in). 



2nd " Shiishtala (first day). 



3rd " Loshtala (second day). 



• Sometimes, though seldom, the last three days are called as follows: the 7th day, Losh- 

 tala (second day); the 8th, Bayish-tala (third day); the gth, Nalosh-tala (fourth day.) 



