Dec, 1903. The OrAibi Oaqol Ceremony — Voth. ' 5 



Tab (Rabbit) clan. 



Tab (Rabbit) clan. 



Tab (Rabbit) clan. 



Tawa (Sun) clan. 



Tawa (Sun) clan. 



Honani (Badger) clan. 



Tcua (Rattle-snake) clan. 



Tcua (Rattle-snake) clan. 



Katcina (Katcina) clan. 



Ishawuu (Coyote) clan. 

 It will be seen from the above list that the number of participants, 

 belonging to the different clans is as follows:* 



Sand clan 10 Agave clan 6 



Reed clan 6 Coyote clan 6 



Young-Corn-Ear clan .... 3 Crane clan . 3 



Rabbit clan 3 Sun clan 2 



Rattle-snake clan 2 Parrot clan i 



Lizard claa . i Badger clan i 



Katcina clan i Shiwahpi (Bigelovia Howardi 



Gray) clan i 



THE CEREMONIAL KIVA. 



In the village of Oraibi are thirteen kivas, or underground cham- 

 berSj one of which was, up to about two years ago, considered the 

 exclusive property of the women. At that time it was rebuilt, and 

 ever since then it seems to be used the same as the others by a certain 

 group of men, who turn the kiva over to the women when the latter 

 wish to use it for a ceremony. In this kiva the Marad Society hold 

 their ceremonies; in fact, the kiva is usually called Marad kiva. The 

 other two women's Fraternities, the Lalakontu and Oaqoltu hold their 

 ceremony in the Hawiovi kiva. (See No. i, PI. III.) It is claimed by 

 some that this name is derived from "hawiota," "gong down," and 

 "ovi," a suffix denoting an "elevation," "height," or sometimes mean- 

 ing "up," "on top," because there is an elevation close to the kiva from 

 which they have to descend in order to get to the kiva from the adjoin- 

 ing streets. In the course of time this knoll has somewhat disap- 

 peared, but the ground all along the north side of the kiva is still 



' Every Hopi clan is related to one or more other clans; for instance, the Sand, Lizard and 

 Rattle-snake; the Coyote, Vellow-Fox, Gray-Fox, etc.; the Young-Corn-Ear, Cloud and Shiwahpi, 

 Parrot, Katcina and Tobacco; the Badger and Butterfly clans, are respectively related to each other; 

 and any one belonging to one clan in any of these groups really belongs to all, but specially to 

 that one in the group; in other words, he belongs to one, but is related to the others. In fact, the 

 Hopi words for relative, related, etc., refer to clan relationship only. 



