Feb., 1912. Jade. 33 



round, twenty feet high and about eight miles in circumference, is still 

 in existence there. The mound in which the hatchet was found is in 

 the line of this wall — that is, the wall runs north-west and south-east 

 from it. Hence the wall-builders did not regard the mound as sacred, 

 for it would not in that case have been made to serve the purpose of a 

 wall to their city on the south-west side. There is another large mound 

 known as the grave of Tai Wang. It is a little to the east of the centre 

 of the inclosed space once a city, and the principal road runs through 

 the city by this mound from east to west. Rev. Mark Williams of 

 Kalgan, who found the hatchet, and was the first foreigner to draw 

 attention to the old city, was struck with the general resemblance of 

 the mounds, the wall and the hatchet to what he is familiar with in 

 Ohio. So close was the similarity that it seemed to him to require that 

 the same class of persons who made the one should have made the other. 

 Several pieces of broken pottery were found in the neighborhood of 

 this mound, and their pattern is said to differ from modern crockery. 

 The hatchet is about five inches long, and is made of a black stone not 

 heavy. Fischer concludes from this statement that it is likely to be a 

 serpentine whose specific weight varies between 2.3 and 2.9. Nothing 

 is said in regard to the shape and technique of the hatchet. 



Mark Williams himself has given the following account of this 

 find: 1 



"From Kalgan to Yu chou are ancient mounds in cluster on the 

 plain or singly on eminences. These latter would indicate signal towers, 

 while the former would suggest tombs. They are about thirty feet 

 high, circular and oval in shape, and no arrangement can be observed 

 in the clusters. 



"At the base of a signal mound by the great wall of Kalgan I found 

 a stone axe. 



"The Chinese give no rational explanation of these mounds. I have 

 as yet found no mention of them in ancient records. At Yu chou, 

 one hundred miles south of Kalgan, is a cluster of forty mounds ; four miles 

 off are ruins of a city wall. Chinese cities have rectangular walls, 

 with towers at short intervals. But this is a circular embankment 

 with no remains of towers. The part of the remaining entrance is 

 unlike the gate of a Chinese city. Records state that this was the 

 seat of a Chinese prince who lived b. c. 200. In some places the wall is 

 levelled, in other places it is perfect, making an acute angle at the 

 summit. Cultivation has narrowed the bases of the mounds, but 

 superstition prevents their destruction. To one familiar with the 



'Ancient Earth-works in China. Annual Report of ths Smithsonian Institution, 

 1885, Part I, p. 907, Washington, 1886. 



