34 Field Museum of Natural History — Anth., Vol. X. 



works of the mound builders in the Mississippi Valley, the stone ax, 

 the mounds, circular wall, suggest a similar race." 



Two flint arrow-heads, both without barbs, found by the well-known 

 naturalist Armand David in Mongolia in 1866, have been published 

 by E. T. Hamy. 1 They are finely polished, recalling similar pieces 

 still in use at the time of the arrival of the first Russian explorers in 

 eastern Siberia. Hamy basing his evidence on a statement in David's 

 diary points out the comparatively recent origin of these finds which 

 have been made in a black diluvial soil together with small fragments 

 of pottery and metal instruments, and with the remains of recent 

 animals. It is therefore necessary, concludes Hamy, for the moment at 

 least, to abandon the theory of a Mongol quaternary man and the 

 ingenious considerations prematurely attached to it. 2 At all events, 

 these two arrow-heads rather seem to point in the direction of Siberian 

 than of Chinese antiquity. Dr. Bushell (in Bishop, Vol. I, p. 29) 

 mentions one jade arrow-head in his private collection. 



Enrico H. Giglioli 3 has described a stone implement found in 

 1896 by F. C. Coltelli in Yen-ngan fu, Shensi Province, and designated 

 as a yao ch'an "medicine spade." It is flat, of rectangular shape (22.8 

 cm long, 8.5 — 10.5 cm wide, 1.1 cm thick), with a perforation in the 

 upper end bored from one side only, with a diameter of 3.1 cm on the 

 one side and 2.3 cm on the other side, so that the perforation has the 

 shape of an obtuse cone. Altogether it resembles the types figured by 

 me on Plate V. Giglioli asserts that it did not serve as a battle-axe, 

 but as a mattock in husbandry. The material, he calls "fine jasper "(?) 

 and defines the colors of it as yellow, gray and white. For the rest, 

 he depends on the Anderson collection, eleven specimens of which are 

 reproduced and listed as Chinese. 



In the Bishop collection, there is a small polished celt (No. 324) 

 made by Bushell (Vol. II, p. 106) previous to the Han dynasty and 

 described by him as "perforated for use as an amulet, with rounded 

 corners and bevelled rim, one face being perfectly flat, the other having 

 a bevelled cutting edge; in Burma as well as in southwestern China, 

 such amulets are supposed to make the wearer invulnerable." Another 

 celt in the same collection is decorated with the "thunder-pattern" 

 (meander) and the monster Vao-Vieh of which Bushell thinks it may 



1 Note sur les silex taill£s d'Eul-Che-San-hao {Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire 

 naturelle, Vol. IV, pp. 46-48, Paris, 1898, 2 Figs.). See also the note by J. Deniker, 

 The Races of Man, p. 362. 



2 On the glacial period in Mongolia see now G. Merzbacher, Zur Eiszeitfrage 

 in der nordwestlichen Mongolei {Petermann's Mitteilungen, Vol. 57, 191 1, p. 18). 



3 L'eta della pietra nella Cina colla descrizione di alcuni esemplari nella mia 

 collezione, in Archivio per I'antropologia e la etnologia, Vol. XXVIII, p. 374, Firenze, 

 1898. 



