50 Field Museum of Natural History — Anth., Vol. X. 



with those of Shensi and show the same straight cutting edge, with 

 slightly rounded, beveled corners in Fig. i, where we find also the 

 convex lateral edges. 



Figure 2 on Plate XI exhibits a similar type, only that the blade is 

 much broader here. The hammer in Fig. 1 of Plate XI is particularly 

 interesting as revealing the stone prototype of the carpenter's iron 

 hammer common all over China. The blade starts from about the 

 middle of the stone and gradually slopes on both faces towards the 

 cutting edge. In Fig. 3 of the same Plate the back is oval-shaped, 

 and the blade does not occupy the entire front part, but is cut out in 

 the way of an arch; the cutting edge is round. Fig. 4, Plate XI, evi- 

 dently belongs to the same type, but the blade is much weathered out. 



The five stone objects united on Plate XII seem to be pestles for 

 pounding grain, with exception of Fig. 5. This is a rough fragment 

 of black pebble flattened on one side and marked with a small circle 

 on the top; it was not found like the other stones near Ts'ing-chou fu, 

 but it came into the possession of Mr. Couling by purchase, its origin 

 not being known; I do not venture any theory in regard to its possible 

 use. 



The greatest surprise among the stone implements of Shantung is 

 afforded by the find of a grooved axe or hammer of diorite (Plate XIII, 

 Fig. 1), 9 cm long and 6 cm wide, with a deeply furrowed groove run- 

 ning all around, about 2 cm wide. It is the first and the only known 

 type of this kind from China, and of particular interest to us, because 

 it is a type very widely spread in North America. 1 The Chinese 

 specimen is better worked than any from America known to me and 

 exhibits a remarkable regularity and proportion of form, that same 

 sense for dimension which elicits our admiration in their most ancient 

 productions of pottery, metal or stone. There is a ridge-like projection 

 over one side of the groove. 



As this type stands alone in the Chinese field, according to our 

 present state of knowledge, and is generally of greatest rarity in Asia, 

 it will be appropriate to determine its position by calling attention to 

 finds of a related character in other regions. Only one of this type, 

 as far as I know, has become known from India. It was found at 

 Alwara, two miles north of the Jumna, and thirty-seven miles south- 

 west of Allahabad by Mr. J. Cockburn, placed together with a number 

 of other stones under a sacred tree. It was figured and described by 



1 The Chinese specimen comes nearest to that figured by Th. Wilson in Report 

 of National Museum, 1888, p. 647, No. 72. — Different from this type are the grooved 

 globular clubs of Scandinavia as described by Sophus Muller (Nordische Alter- 

 tumskunde, Vol. I, p. 144), which, however, seem to be plummets or sinkers (compare 

 Wilson, I. c, p. 653, Nos. 107, 108). 



