54 Field Museum of Natural History — Anth., Vol. X. 



Ch'eng Wang, the second ruler of the Chou dynasty (b. c. ii 15-1078) 

 put an end to their rule, when they rebelled against him. At the time 

 of the Emperor Yii (alleged to have lived about b. c. 2200), two bar- 

 barous tribes are mentioned in the eastern part of Shantung, the Yii 

 living around the Shantung promontory, and the Lai who subsisted 

 on cattle-rearing and left their name in the present Lai-chou fu. 1 



There is no record to the effect that any of these tribes availed itself 

 of stone implements, but there is little on record regarding them any- 

 way. The choice is only between the Chinese and the primeval popula- 

 tion, and the fact that the latter has existed there before the arrival of the 

 Chinese cannot well be doubted. As the Chinese, when settling and 

 spreading in Shantung, were in the possession of metal and bronze 

 implements and are silent about the use of stone implements on their 

 part, it may be assumed with a tolerable degree of certainty that the 

 stone implements of Ts'ing-chou have emanated from the hands of 

 aboriginal man. 



In reviewing the whole material as presented here, we may draw 

 from it the following conclusions: 



(1) All stone implements so far found in China are polished, many 

 of them elaborately and elegantly polished. Therefore, they belong 

 to that class which, as far as prehistoric Europe, Egypt, India and 

 America are concerned, has been styled neolithic. No stone of palae- 

 olithic and eolithic character has as yet come to light in China. 



(2) These implements are found scattered in certain parts of the 

 country and are generally scarce. There are two groups as to the 

 character of the finds noticeable, — finds on or immediately beneath 

 the surface or in river-beds, and grave-finds. The former are more 

 primitive and rougher in technique, the latter of much superior work- 

 manship. Whether, a chronological difference exists between the two, 

 it is hard for the present to say; they may have been contemporaneous, 

 after all, the one for the practical use of the living generation, the others 

 for ceremonial and funeral purposes. Local and tribal differentiations 

 have to be equally taken into account in this connection. 



(3) Chisels, hammer-shaped axes, and mattocks are the prevailing 

 types thus far discovered. 



(4) No deposits of stone implements, so-called work-shops, have as 

 yet been found anywhere in China which would allow the conclusion 

 that man, without the aid of any metal, depended solely on stone 

 utensils at any time, or that a stone industry for the benefit of a large 



1 Shu king, Tribute of Yii 6, 7. Chavannes, Se-ma Ts'ien, Vol. I, p. 113. I 

 do not wish to refer my readers to F. v. Richthofen's Schantung (pp. 87 et seq.) on 

 account of his obvious errors, as known to the initiated (compare Hirth, Schantung 

 und Kiau-tschou in Beilage zur Allgemeinen Zeitung, 1898, Nos. 218 and 219, where 

 an able history of eastern Shantung is given, utilized for the above notes). 



