7 6 



Field Museum of Natural History — Anth., Vol. X. 



and the blade. Shafting was perhaps done differently in this case, the 

 hilt enclosing the head-piece being set vertically on the back of the 

 axe, attachment being strengthened by leashes passing through the 

 three apertures. 



The spade-shaped implement of stone is a peculiar characteristic 

 of the Colarian tribes of Central India and the Mon-Khmer group in 



Farther India who speak 

 related languages (South- 

 east-Asiatic or Austronesian 

 stock). Figure 14 shows 

 three of these celts after A. 

 Grunwedel. 1 Up to 1873, 

 this type was known only 

 from Pegu and the Malayan 

 Peninsula. In that year, two 

 specimens of the same type 

 were discovered also in 

 Chhota Nagpur in Central 

 India and described by V. 

 Ball, 2 — one made of a dark- 

 green hard quartzite, the 

 other of a black igneous rock. 

 Ball was able to show that 

 the material from which they 

 are made occurs in situ 

 within the district of Sing- 

 bhum where the finds had 

 been made, and which be- 

 longs to the habitats of the 

 Colarian group . The identity 

 of these two types with those 

 from Pegu was at once 

 recognized, particularly by I. 

 F. S. Forbes 3 who hailed 

 this discovery as a welcome 

 confirmation of the results of 

 comparative philology. These finds have recently much increased, and 

 Noetling obtained two of these spade-shaped celts in Burma, which 



1 Prahistorisches aus Birma {Globus, Vol. 58, 1895, p. 15). 



2 On some Stone Implements of the Barmese Type, found in Pargana Dalbhum 

 {Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1875, No. VI, pp. 118-120, 1 Plate). 



3 Comparative Grammar of the Languages of Further India, p. 142 (London, 

 1881). 



Fig. 14. 

 Spade-Shaped Celts (after Grunwedel). 



1. From Chhota Nagpur, Central India. 



2. From Gangaw, Burma. 



3. From Kindat, Burma. 



The Burmese legend reads mogh-kro (pronounced mo-gyo) , 

 ». e. thunderbolt. 



