34 Field Columbian Museum — Anthropology, Vol. IX. 



camp not in a circle, as they may desire, provided they can find a tree 

 that leans toward the north to which they can tie the three saplings 

 for the erection of their lodge. The lodge is so constructed that the 

 stationary tree is placed at the back, on the inside and opposite the 

 entrance. The three movable saplings are trimmed as far up as the 

 upper branches, which are left. Formerly, buffalo hides were used 

 for a covering for the lodge, but recently canvas is substituted. The 

 poles of the Dog-Men's lodge are different from those of the other 

 societies' lodges. The other societies burn incense to the Great 

 Medicine, who sent the Great Prophet to establish their societies and 

 to establish ceremonies in honor of himself. But instead of burning 

 incense, the Dog-Men put in the center of their lodge an earthen pot 

 about half full of water, and into this they put a piece of beef weighing 

 about two pounds, which remains there during the four days' dance. 

 On the fourth day and before the dance is dismissed, they take the 

 meat from the pot and pass it around to the members of the society ; 

 each one bites off a large piece, chews, and swallows it. This they do 

 in memory of their society's founder, and in memory of the original 

 dogs who followed the founder out from the camp-circle and induced 

 the warriors to organize the Dog-Men society. Ever after this all 

 the original dogs preferred cooked to fresh beef. 



ii.— THE INVERTED OR BOW-STRING WARRIORS. 



The Inverted Warrior society is but little known throughout the 

 tribe, although it is the fifth of the warrior societies founded by the 

 Great Prophet. It was founded when he last appeared in the dress 

 of the Inverted Warrior with his celebrated bow-spear, and a stuffed 

 owl tied over his forehead for a head-dress, and a bone whistle tied 

 around his neck by means of a string. See Plate X. Fig. i. This 

 society the great Prophet founded on his return after his four years' 

 absence to the mountain ; but the society was without a chief. Each 

 warrior was independent of the rest, though all the warriors dressed 

 alike and were always prepared for war. 



The warriors must be of strong physique and very courageous. 

 A part of the requirements of the society is that these warriors shall 

 be solemn and stoical. Their bodies and clothing are always painted 

 red, as well as their buffalo robes. See Plate X. Fig. 2. Each 

 warrior carries a bow-spear about eight feet long — a perfectly sound, 

 straight, well-seasoned stick fashioned after the style of a bow. This 

 bow-spear is flat on the front side and round on the back side, there 

 being a space in the middle for a handle, which is round. This bow 



