Introduction 193 



others of this genus, they call salad (terak or tdrak, Persian tar ah). 

 Whatever is like spinning cotton, and others of this genus, they call 

 clothing plants (jdmak). Whatever lentil (mafag) is greasy, as sesame, 

 dutedh, hemp, vandak (perhaps for zeto, 'olive,' as Anquetil supposes, 

 and Justi assumes), and others of this genus, they call an oil-seed 

 (rokano). Whatever one can dye clothing with, as saffron, sapan-wood, 

 zalava, vaha, and others of this genus, they call a dye-plant (rag). 

 Whatever root, or gum (tuf), or wood is scented, as frankincense 

 (Pazand kendri for Pahlavi kundur), vardst (Persian barghast), kust, 

 sandalwood, cardamom (Pazand kdkura, Persian qaqulah, 'cardamoms, 

 or kakul, kdkul, 'marjoram')? camphor, orange-scented mint, and 

 others of this genus, they call a scent (bod). Whatever stickiness 

 comes out from plants they call gummy (vadak). The timber 

 which proceeds from the trees, when it is either dry or wet, they 

 call wood (Zihd). Every one of all these plants which is so, they call 

 medicinal (ddruk). 



"The principal fruits are of thirty kinds, and there are ten species 

 the inside and outside of which are fit to eat, as the fig, the apple, the 

 quince, the citron, the grape, the mulberry, the pear, and others of this 

 kind. There are ten the outside of which is fit to eat, but not the 

 inside, as the date, the peach, the white apricot, and others of this kind; 

 those the inside of which is fit to eat, but not the outside, are the walnut, 

 the almond, the pomegranate, the coco-nut, 1 the filbert (Junduk), the 

 chestnut (Sahbalut), the pistachio nut, the vargdn, and whatever else 

 of this description are very remarkable. 



"This, too, it says, that every single flower is appropriate to an' 

 angel (ametospend), 2 as the white jasmine (satnan) is for Vohuman, the 

 myrtle and jasmine (ydsmin) are Auharmazd's own, the mouse-ear 

 (or sweet marjoram) is A&avahist's own, the basil-royal is SatvirO's 

 own, the musk flower is Spendarmad's, the lily is Horvadad's, the 

 lamba is Amerodad's, Din-pavan-Ataro has the orange-scented mint 

 (vddrang-bod), Ataro has the marigold (ddargun), the water-lily is 

 A van's, the white marv is Xursed's, the ranges (probably rand, 'laurel') 

 is Mah's, the violet is Tir's, the meren is Gos's, the kdrda is Din-pavan- 

 Mitro's, all violets are Mitro's, the red chrysanthemum (xer) is Sr5§'s, 

 the dog-rose (nestran) is Rasnu's, the cockscomb is Fravardin's, the 

 sisebar is Vahram's, the yellow chrysanthemum is Ram's, the orange- 



1 Pazand anarsar is a misreading of Pahlavi anargll (Persian nargll), from 

 Sanskrit ndrikela. 



2 These are the thirty archangels and angels whose names are applied to the 

 thirty days of the Parsi month, in the order in which they are mentioned here, except 

 that Auharmazd is the first day, and Vohuman is the second. 



