332 Sino-Iranica 



Sanskrit mallikd (Jasminum sambac), Tibetan mal-li-ka, Siamese ma-li, 1 

 Khmer maty or mlih, Cam molih. Malayan melati is derived from 

 Sanskrit malati, which refers to Jasminum grandifiorum. Mongol 

 melirge is independent. Hirth's identification with Syriac molo 2 must 

 be rejected. 



(3) ffc $c san-mo, *san-mwat (Fukien mwak). This word is given 

 in the Nan fan ts*ao mu cwah z as a synonyme of Lawsonia alba, furnish- 

 ing the henna; but a confusion has here arisen, for the transcription 

 does not answer to any foreign name of Lawsonia, but apparently cor- 

 responds to Arabic zanbaq ("jasmine"), from which the botanical term 

 sambac is derived. It is out of the question that this word was known 

 to Ki Han: it is clearly an interpolation in his text. 



(4) M^ man hwa ("man flower") occurs in Buddhist literature, 

 and is apparently an abridgment of Sanskrit sumana (Jasminum grandi- 

 fiorum), which has been adopted into Persian as suman or saman. 



Jasminum officinale occurs in Kashmir, Kabul, Afghanistan, and 

 Persia; in the latter country also in the wild state. 



Jasmine is discussed in Pahlavi literature (above, p. 192) and in the 

 Persian pharmacopoeia of Abu Mansur. 4 C'an Te noticed the flower 

 in the region of Samarkand. 6 It grows abundantly in the province of 

 Fars in Persia. 9 



Oil of jasmine is a famous product among Arabs and Persians, being 

 styled in Arabic duhn az-zanbaq. Its manufacture is briefly described in 

 Ibn al-Baitar's compilation. 7 According to Istaxri, there is in the 

 province of Darabejird in Persia an oil of jasmine that is to be found 

 nowhere else. Sabur and Siraz were renowned for the same product. 8 



The oil of jasmine manufactured in the West is mentioned in the 

 Yu yah tsa tsu as a tonic. It was imported into China during the Sung 

 period, as we learn from the Wei lio WM-, 9 written by Kao Se-sun 

 iti M M, who lived toward the end of thk, twelfth and in the beginning 

 of the thirteenth century. Here it is stated, "The ye-si-mih flower is 

 a flower of the western countries, snow-white in color. The Hu #J 

 (Iranians or foreigners) bring it to Kiao-cou and Canton, and every one 



1 Pallegoix i Description du royaume Thai, Vol. I, p. 147. 

 2 Journal Am. Or. Soc, Vol. XXX, 1910, p. 23. 



* Ch. B, p. 3. See below, p. 334. 

 4 Achundow, Abu Mansur, p. 147. 



6 Bretschneider, Mediaeval Researches, Vol. I, p. 131. 



8 G. Le Strange, Description of the Province of Fars, p. 51. 



7 L. Leclerc, Trait6 des simples, Vol. II, p. ill. 



8 P. Schwarz, Iran, pp. 52, 94, 97, 165. 



• Ch. 9, p. 9. 



