ASAFCETIDA 359 



"A-wei is produced in Gazna #P 18 ffl> (*Gia-ja-na); 1 that is, in north- 

 ern India. In Gazna its name is hin-yii (Sanskrit hingu). Its habitat 

 is also in Persia, where it is termed a-yii-tsie (see below). The tree 

 grows to a height of eight and nine feet. 2 The bark is green and yellow. 

 In the third month the tree forms leaves which resemble a rodent's 

 ear. It does not flower, nor does it produce fruit. The branches, when 

 cut, have a continuous flow of sap like syrup, which consolidates, and 

 is styled a-wei. The monk from the country Fu-lin, Wan ^ by name, 

 and the monk from Magadha, T'i-p'o $i §1 (*De-bwa, Sanskrit Deva), 

 agree in stating that the combination 3 of the sap with rice or beans, and 

 powdered, forms what is called a-wei. " 4 



Another description of a-wei by the Buddhist monk Hwei Zi W. H , 

 born in a.d. 680, has been made known by S. Lfevi. 6 The Chinese pil- 

 grim points out that the plant is lacking in China, and is not to be seen 

 in other kingdoms except in the region of Khotan. The root is as large 

 as a turnip and white; it smells like garlic, and the people of Khotan 

 feed on this root. The Buddhist pilgrim Yi Tsin, who travelled in 

 a.d. 671-695, reports that a-wei is abundant in the western limit of 

 India, and that all vegetables are mixed with it, clarified butter, oil, 

 or any spice. 6 



Li Sun, who wrote in the second half of the eighth century, states 

 that, "according to the Kwan li y a-wei grows in the country K'un-lun; 

 it is a tree with a -sap of the appearance of the resin of the peach-tree. 

 That which is black in color does not keep; that of yellow color is the 

 best. Along the Yangtse in Yun-nan is found also a variety like the 

 one imported in ships, juicy, and in taste identical with the yellow brand, 

 but not yellow in color." Su Sun of the Sung period remarks that there 

 is a-wei only in Kwan-Sou (Kwan-tun), and that it is the coagulated 

 sap of a tree, which does not agree with the statement of Su Kuh. 

 C'en C'en ffi. &, a distinguished physician, who wrote the Pen ts'ao 



1 In the Pen ts'ao kan mu, where the text is quoted from the Hai yao pen ts'ao 

 of Li Sun, Persia is coupled with Gazna. Gazna is the capital of Jaguda, the Tsao- 

 ku-C'a of Huan Tsan, the Zabulistan of the Arabs. Huan Tsan reported that 

 asafoetida is abundant there (S. Julien, Memoires sur les contr^es occidentales. 

 Vol. II, p. 187. Cf. S. Levi, Journal asiatique, 1915, I, p. 83). 



1 Thus in the text of the Pen ts'ao; in the edition of Pat hat: eighty or ninety 

 feet. In fact, the sterns of Ferula reach an average height of from eight to ten feet. 



3 Instead of ifi\ of the text I read ^tl with the Pen ts'ao. 



* The translation of this passage by Hirth (Chau Ju-kua, p. 225) does not 

 render the sense correctly. The two monks mean to say that the sap or resin is a 

 condiment added to a dish of rice or beans, and that the whole mixture bears the 

 name a-wei. 



5 Journal asiatique, 1915, 1, p. 89. 



6 Takakusu, I-tsing, pp. 128, 137. 



