256 Sino-Iranica 



The New-Persian name for the walnut is kdz and goz. 1 According 

 to Hubschmann, this word comes from Armenian. 2 The Armenian word 

 is Ingoiz; in the same category belongs Hebrew egoz, 3 Ossetic angoza, 

 Yidghal oyuza, Kurd egviz, Gruzinian nigozi. 4 The Persian word we 

 meet as a loan in Turkish koz and xoz. h 



The earliest designation in Chinese for the cultivated walnut is hu 

 fao tft $fc (" peach of the Hu": Hu being a general term for peoples of 

 Central Asia, particularly Iranians). As is set forth in the Introduction, 

 the term hu ijs prefixed to a large number of names of cultivated plants 

 introduced from abroad. The later substitution hu or ho fao %% $ls 

 signifies "peach containing a kernel," or "seed-peach," so called because, 

 while resembling a peach when in the husk, only the kernel is eaten. 6 

 In view of the wide dissemination of the Persian word, the question 

 might be raised whether it would not be justifiable to recognize it also 

 in the Chinese term hu fao f$ t&, although, of course, in the first line it 

 means "peach of the Hu (Iranians)." There are a number of cases 

 on record where Chinese designations of foreign products may simulta- 

 neously convey a meaning and represent phonetic transcriptions. 

 When we consider that the word hu ^B was formerly possessed of an 

 initial guttural sonant, being sounded *gu (7U) or *go, 7 the possibility 

 that this word might have been chosen in imitation of, or with especial 

 regard to, an Iranian form of the type goz, cannot be denied: the two- 

 fold thought that this was the "peach styled go" and the "peach of the 

 Go or Hu peoples" may have been present simultaneously in the minds 

 of those who formed the novel term; but this is merely an hypothesis, 

 which cannot actually be proved, and to which no great importance is 

 to be attached. 



1 Arabic joz; Middle Persian joz, joj. Kurd gwiz (guwiz), from govz, gdz (Socin, 

 Grundr. iran. Phil., Vol. I, pt. 2, p. 268). Sariqoll ghauz (Shaw, Journal As. Soc. 

 Bengal, 1876, p. 267). Pu§tu ughz, waghz. Another Persian designation for " walnut " 

 is girdu or girdgdn. \ 



2 Grundr. iran. Phil., Vol. I, pt. 2, p. 8; Armen. Gram., p. 393. 

 8 Canticle vi, 10. Cf. Syriac gauze. 



* W. Miller, Sprache der Osseten, p. 10; Hubschmann, Arm. Gram., p. 393. 



5 Radloff, Wdrterbuch der Turk-Dialecte, Vol. II, col. 628, 1710. In Osmanli 



jeviz. 



8 The term ho t'ao is of recent date. It occurs neither under the T'ang nor 

 under the Sung. It is employed in the Kwo su ^ 0ft, a work on garden-fruits by 

 Wan Si-mou 3* "tft S£. who died in 1591, and in the Pen ts'ao kan mu. The latter 

 remarks that the word ho ^ is sounded in the north like hu ffl , and that the sub- 

 stitution thus took place, citing a work Min wu li & tyft jj> as the first to apply 

 this term. 



7 Compare Japanese go-ma ft^ jjjjc and go-fun ffl ffi. 



