NARCISSUS 



46. The Yu yah tsa tsu 1 contains the following notice: "The 

 habitat of the nai-k'i t^f )® is in the country Fu-lin (Syria). Its sprouts 

 grow to a height of three or four feet. Its root is the size of a duck's 

 egg. Its leaves resemble those of the garlic (Allium sativum). From the 

 centre of the leaves rises a very long stem surmounted by a six-petaled 

 flower of reddish-white color. 2 The heart of this flower is yellow-red, and 

 does not form fruit. This plant grows in the winter and withers during 

 the summer. It is somewhat similar to shepherd's-purse (tsi H, 

 Capsella bursa-pastoris) and wheat. 3 An oil is pressed from the flowers, 

 with which they anoint the body as a preventive of colds, and is em- 

 ployed by the king of Fu-lin and the nobles in his country." 



Li Si-cen, in his Pen ts'ao kan mu* has placed this extract in his 

 notice of swi sien ^K fill (Narcissus tazetta), 5 and after quoting it, adds 

 this comment: "Judging from this description of the plant, it is similar 

 to Narcissus; it cannot be expected, of course, that the foreign name 

 should be identical with our own." 6 He is perfectly correct, for the 

 description answers this flower very well, save the comparison with 

 Capsella. Dioscorides also compares the leaves of Narcissus to those of 

 Allium, and says that the root is rounded like a bulb. 7 



The philological evidence agrees with this explanation; for nai-k'i, 

 *nai-gi, apparently answers to Middle Persian *nargi, New Persian 

 nargis (Arabic narjis), 8 Aramaic narkim, Armenian narges (Persian 



1 Ch. 18, p. 12 b. 



2 Cf. the description of Theophrastus (Hist, plant., vii, 13): "In the case of 

 narcissus it is only the flower-stem which comes up, and it immediately pushes up 

 the flower." Also Dioscorides (iv, 158) and Pliny (xxi, 25) have given descriptions 

 of the flower. 



1 This sentence is omitted (and justly so) in the text, as reprinted in the Pen 

 ts'ao kan mu; for these comparisons are lame. 



4 Ch. 13, p. 16. 



s Also this species is said to have been introduced from abroad (Hwa mu siao h 

 ~%L yfC /J> j£. P- io - b, in £' un is ' ao L' a n ts *> Ch. 25). 



6 In another passage of his work (Ch. 14, p. 10) he has the same text under 

 Ian nai |JLf * (Kcempferia galanga), but here he merely adds that the description 

 of the Yu yan tsa tsu is "a little like Ian nai." 



7 Leclerc, Traits des simples, Vol. Ill, p. 368. 



8 According to Hubschmann (Armen. Gram., p. 201), the New-Persian form 

 would presuppose a Pahlavi *narkis. In my opinion, Greek vbpKicraos is derived from 

 an Iranian language through the medium of an idiom of Asia Minor, not vice versd, 

 as believed by Noeldeke (Persische Studien, II, p. 43). 



427 



