THE WATER-MELON 



49. This Cucurbitacea (Citrullus vulgaris or Cucurbita citrullus) 

 is known to the Chinese under the name si kwa IS id ("melon of the 

 west"). The plant now covers a zone from anterior Asia, the Caucasus 

 region, Persia to Turkistan and China, also southern Russia and the 

 regions of the lower Danube. There is no evidence to lead one to sup- 

 pose that the cultivation was very ancient in Iran, India, Central Asia, 

 or China; and this harmonizes with the botanical observation that 

 the species has not been found wild in Asia. 1 



A. Engler 2 traces the home of the water-melon to South Africa, 

 whence he holds it spread to Egypt and the Orient in most ancient times, 

 and was diffused over southern Europe and Asia in the pre-Christian 

 era. This theory is based on the observation that the water-melon 

 grows spontaneously in South Africa, but it is not explained by what 

 agencies it was disseminated from there to ancient Egypt. Neverthe- 

 less the available historical evidence in Asia seems to me to speak 

 in favor of the theory that the fruit is not an Asiatic cultivation; and, 

 since there is no reason to credit it to Europe, it may well be traceable 

 to an African origin. 



The water-melon is not mentioned by any work of the T'ang dy- 

 nasty; notably it is absent from the T'ai pHn hwan yii ki. The earliest 

 allusion to it is found in the diary of Hu Kiao jijE HI, entitled Hien lu ki 

 fiS M 12, which is inserted in chapter 73 of the History of the Five Dy- 

 nasties (Wu tai $i), written by Nou-yan Siu Hfc $0 j£ (a.d. 1017-72) 

 and translated by E. Chavannes. 3 Hu Kiao travelled in the country 

 of the Kitan from a.d. 947 to 953, and narrates that there for the first 

 time he ate water-melons (si kwa). 4 He goes on to say, "It is told that 

 the Kitan, after the annihilation of the Uigur, obtained this cultivation. 

 They cultivated the plant by covering the seeds with cattle-manure 

 and placing mats over the beds. The fruit is as large as that of the 



1 A. de Candolle, Origin of Cultivated Plants, p. 263. 



2 In Hehn, Kulturpfianzen, p. 323. 



* Voyageurs chinois chez les Khitan (Journal asiatique, 1897, I, pp. 390-442). 



4 Chavannes' translation "melons" (p. 400) is inadequate; the water-melon 

 is styled in French pasteque or melon d'eau. Hu Kiao, of course, was acquainted 

 with melons in general, but what he did not previously know is this particular species. 

 During Napoleon's expedition to Egypt, "on mangeait des lentilles, des pigeons, et 

 un melon d'eau exquis, connu dans les pays m^ridionaux sous le nom de pasteque. 

 Les soldats l'appelaient sainte pasteque' ' (Thiers, Histoire de la revolution f rancaise). 



438 



