298 Sino-Iranica 



the character swi are given, also the synonymes hian ts'ai # £j| 

 ("fragrant vegetable") and hian siin # %. 1 In Kian-nan the plant 

 was styled hu swi #1 ||j, also hu ki m f§, the pronunciation of the 

 latter character being explained by jffi k K i) *gi. The coriander belongs 

 to the five vegetables of strong odor (p. 303) forbidden to the geomancers 

 and Taoist monks. 2 



I have searched in vain for any notes on the plant that might 

 elucidate its history or introduction; but such do not seem to exist, 

 not even in the various Pen ts'ao. As regards the Annals, I found only 

 a single mention in the Wu Tai Si, 3 where the coriander is enumerated 

 among the plants cultivated by the Uigur. In tracing its foreign origin, 

 we are thrown back solely on the linguistic evidence. 



The coriander was known in Iran: it is mentioned in the Bundahisn. 4 

 Its medical properties are discussed in detail by Abu Mansur in his 

 Persian pharmacopoeia. 6 Schlimmer 6 observes, "Se cultive presque 

 partout en Perse comme plante potagere; les indigenes le croient 

 antiaphrodisiaque et plus sp£cialement an^antissant les ejections." It 

 occurs also in Fergana. 7 It was highly appreciated by the Arabs in their 

 pharmacopoeia, as shown by the long extract devoted to it by Ibn 

 al-Baitar. 8 In India it is cultivated during the cold season. The San- 

 skrit names which have been given on p. 284, mean simply "grain," 

 and are merely attributes, 9 not proper designations of the plant, for 

 which in fact there is no genuine Sanskrit word. As will be seen below, 

 Sanskrit kustumburu is of Iranian origin; and there is no doubt in my 

 mind that the plant came to India from Iran, in the same manner as 

 it appears to have spread from Iran to China. 



j^ |£ or |g hu-swi, *ko(go)-swi (su), appears to be the transcription 

 of an Iranian form *koswi, koswi, goswi. Cf. Middle Persian golniz; 



1 Two dictionaries, the Tse yuan ^r %L and Yiin Ho fH B§, are quoted in this 

 text, but their date is not known to me. As stated in the Pen ts ' ao si i and Si wu ki yuan 

 (Ch. 10, p. 30; above, p. 279), the change from hu swi to hian swi was dictated by a taboo 

 imposed by Si Lo ^ ^ (a.d. 273-333), who was himself a Hu (cf. below, 

 p. 300) ; but we have no contemporaneous account to this effect, and the attempt 

 at explanation is surely retrospective. 



* Pen ts'ao kan mu, Ch. 26, p. 6 b; and Stuart, Chinese Materia Medica, p. 28. 



« Ch. 74, p. 4. 



4 Above, p. 192. 



6 Achundow, Abu Mansur, p. 112. 



6 Terminologie, p. 156. 



7 S. Korzinski, Vegetation of Turkistan (in Russian), p. 51. 



8 L. Leclerc, Traits des simples, Vol. Ill, pp. 170-174. 



9 Such are also the synonymes suksmapatra, tiksnapatra, tiksnapkala ("with 

 leaves or fruits of sharp taste"). 



