GARDEN PEA AND BROAD BEAN 



13. Among the many species of pulse cultivated by the Chinese, 

 there are at least two to which a foreign origin must be assigned. Both 

 are comprised under the generic term hu tou ffli 5L ("bean of the Hu," 

 or "Iranian bean"), but each has also its specific nomenclature. It 

 is generally known that, on account of the bewildering number of species 

 and variations and the great antiquity of their cultivation, the history 

 of beans is fraught with graver difficulties than that of any other group 

 of plants. 



The common or garden pea (Pisum sativum) is usually styled wan 

 tou *&& .3. (Japanese Hro-endo), more rarely ts'in siao tou W 4* 3. 

 ("green small pulse"), tsHn pan tou W ?£ .2. ("green streaked pulse"), 

 and ma lei M%. A term ^ SL pi tou, *pit (pir) tou, is regarded as 

 characteristic of the T'ang period; while such names as hu tou, 2un $u 

 r^L^L ("pulse of the Zuh"), 1 and hui-hu toHWl ("pulse of the 

 Uigur;" in the Yin San fen yao of the Mongol period changed also into 

 hui-hui tou 5., "Mohammedan pulse") are apt to bespeak the 

 foreign origin of the plant. 2 Any document alluding to the event of the 

 introduction, however, does not appear to exist in Chinese records. 

 The term hu tou occurs in the present editions of the Ku kin ?u, 3 hu-la 

 Oft & being given as its synonyme, and described as "resembling the 

 li touV£.3~, but larger, the fruit of the size of a child's fist and eatable." 

 The term li tou is doubtfully identified with Mucuna capitata;* but the 

 species of the Ku kin lu defies exact identification; and, as is well known, 

 this book, in its present form, is very far from being able to claim abso- 

 lute credence or authenticity. Also the Kwan li, written prior to 

 a.d. 5 2 7, contains the term hu tou; 6 but this name, unfortunately, is ambig- 

 uous. Li Si-cen acquiesces in the general statement that the pea has 

 come from the Hu and Zuh or from the Western Hu (Iranians) ; he cites, 

 however, a few texts, which, if they be authentic, would permit us to 



1 This term is ambiguous, for originally it applies to the soy-bean (Glycine 

 hispida), which is indigenous to China. 



1 Cf. Pen ts'ao kan mu, Ch. 24, p. 7; and Kwan k'un fan p'u, Ch. 4, p. II. The 

 list of the names for the pea given by Bretschneider (Chinese Recorder, 1871, 

 p. 223) is rather incomplete. 



8 Ch. b, p. 1 b. 



4 Stuart, Chinese Materia Medica, p. 269. The word /* is also written ^. 



s Tai p'in yu Ian, Ch. 841, p. 6 b. 



305 



