484 Sino-Iranica 



also in Ho-cou & 'M in Se-C'wan, but that the native product does not 

 come up to the article imported on foreign ships. 1 Ta Mih defines the 

 difference between the two by saying that the drug of the Southern 

 Barbarians is red in color, while that of Kwah-tun is green. Li Si-cen 

 annotates that the Hu name for the plant is §1 M Ba p x o-ku-U (*bwa- 

 ku-ci, bakuCi), popularly but erroneously written Wi~$.%$> p'o-ku-H 

 (*pa-ku-ci), that it is the "Allium odorum of the Hu," because the 

 seeds of the two plants are similar in appearance, but that in fact it is 

 not identical with the Allium growing in the land of the Hu. These 

 are all the historical documents available. Stuart 2 concludes that the 

 drug comes from Persia; but there is neither a Persian word bakuii, 

 nor is it known that the plant {Psoralea corylijolia) exists in Persia. 

 The evidence presented by the Chinese sources is not favorable, either, 

 to this conclusion, for those data point to the countries south of China, 

 associated in commerce with Kwah-tun. The isolated occurrence of 

 the plant in a single locality of Se-6'wan is easily explained from the 

 fact that a large number of immigrants from Kwah-tun have settled 

 there. In fact, the word *bakuci yielded by the Chinese transcription 

 is of Indian origin: it answers to Sanskrit vakucl, which indeed designates 

 the same plant, Psoralea corylijolia* In Bengali and Hindustani it is 

 hakul^ and bavaci, Uriya bakucl, Panjab babel, Bombay bawaci, MarathI 

 bavacya or bavaci, etc. According to Watt, it is a common herbaceous 

 weed found in the plains from the Himalaya through India to Ceylon. 

 According to Ainslie, this is a dark brown-colored seed, about the 

 size of a large pin-head, and somewhat oval-shaped; it has an aromatic, 

 yet unctuous taste, and a certain degree of bitterness. The species in 

 question is an annual plant, seldom rising higher than three feet; and is 

 common in southern India. It has at each joint one leaf about two inches 

 long, and one and a half broad; the flowers are of a pale flesh color, 

 being produced on long, slender, axillary peduncles. In Annam it is 

 known as hot-bo-kot-U and p'a-ko-fi. 6 It is therefore perfectly obvious 



1 According to the Gazetteer of Sen-si Province {Sen-si t'un li, Ch. 43, p. 31), 

 the plant occurs in the district Si-ts'uan /£j ^. in the prefecture Hih-nan. 



2 Chinese Materia Medica, p. 359; likewise F. P. Smith (Contributions, p. 179) 

 and Perrot and Hurrier (Matiere m^dicale et pharmacopee sino-annamites, 

 p. 150). 



* W. Ainslie, Materia Indica, Vol. II, p. 141. 



4 This name is also given by W. Roxburgh (Flora Indica, p. 588). See, further, 

 Watt, Dictionary of the Economic Products of India, Vol. VI, p. 354. 



5 Perrot and Hurrier, Mat. m6d. et pharmacopee sino-annamites, p. 150. 

 According to these authors, the plant is found in the south and west of China as 

 well as in Siam. Wu K'i-tsun says that physicians now utilize it to a large extent in 

 lieu of cinnamon (Ci wu mih H t'u k*ao, Ch. 25, p. 65). 



