I rano-Sinica — Silk, Peach and Apricot 539 



not believe, either, that Russian folk ("silk"), as is usually stated (even 

 by Dal'), is derived from Mongol lirgek: first of all, the alleged phonetic 

 coincidence is conspicuous by its absence; and, secondly, an ancient 

 Russian word cannot be directly associated with Mongol; it would be 

 necessary to trace the same or a similar word in Turkish, but there it 

 does not exist; "silk" in Turkish is ipak, torgu, torka, etc. It is more 

 probable that the Russian word (Old Slavic Mk, Lithuanian szilkai), 

 in the same manner as our silk, is traceable to sericum. There is no 

 reason to assume that the Greek words ser, Sera, Seres, etc., have 

 their origin in Chinese. This series was first propagated by 

 Iranians, and, in my opinion, is of Iranian origin (cf. New Persian 

 sarah, "silk"; hence Arabic sarak). 



Persian kimxaw or kamxab, kamxd, kimxd (Arabic kimxaw, Hin- 

 dustani kamxdb), designating a "gold brocade," as I formerly ex- 

 plained, 1 may be derived from Chinese $S ^£ kin-hwa, *kim-xwa. 



3-4. Of fruits, the West is chiefly indebted to China for the peacm I 

 (Amygdalus persica) and the apricot (Prunus armeniaca). It is not\ 

 impossible that these two gifts were transmitted by the silk-dealers, 

 first to Iran (in the second or first century B.C.), and thence to Armenia, 

 Greece, and Rome (in the first century a.d.) . In Rome the two trees appear \ 

 as late as the first century of the Imperium, being mentioned as Persicaj 

 and Armeniaca arbor by Pliny 2 and Columella. Neither tree is men- 

 tioned by Theophrastus, which is to say that they were not noted 

 in Asia by the staff of Alexander's expedition. 3 De Candolle has ably 

 pleaded for China as the home of the peach and apricot, and Engler 4 

 holds the same opinion. The zone of the wild apricot may well extend 

 from Russian Turkistan to Sungaria, south-eastern Mongolia, and the 

 Himalaya; but the historical fact remains that the Chinese have been 

 the first to cultivate this fruit from ancient times. Previous authors \ 

 have justly connected the westward migration of peach and apricot I 

 with the lively intercourse of China and western Asia following Ca6j 

 K'ien's mission. 5 Persian has only descriptive names for these fruits, 

 the peach being termed lajt-alu, ("large plum"), the apricot zard-alu 



1 Toting Pao, 1916, p. 477; Yule, Hobson-Jobson, p. 484. 



2 xv, 11, 13. 



' De Candolle (Origin of Cultivated Plants, p. 222) is mistaken in crediting 

 Theophrastus with the knowledge of the peach. Joret (Plantes dans l'antiquite\ 

 p. 79) has already pointed out this error, and it is here restated for the benefit of 

 those botanists who still depend on de Candolle's book. 



4 In Hehn, Kulturpflanzen, p. 433. 



5 Joret, op. cit., p. 81; Schrader in Hehn, p. 434. 



