Iranian Elements in Mongol 575 



10. Mongol xasini, asafoetida, from Persian kasni ("product of 

 Ghazni"). Cf. above, p. 361. 



11. Mongol bodso, an alcoholic beverage made from barley-meal 

 or milk, is connected by Kovalevski in his Mongol Dictionary with 

 Persian boza, a beverage made from rice, millet, or barley. 



12. Mongol bolot, steel, is derived from New Persian pulad, whether 

 directly or through the medium of Turkish languages is not certain. 

 The Persian word is widely diffused, and occurs in Tibetan, Armenian, 

 Ossetic, Grusinian, Turkish, and Russian. 1 



13. Mongol bdgddr, coat-of-mail, armor, goes back to Persian 

 bagtar (Jagatai bdktdr, Tibetan beg-tse). 



14. Mongol sagari and sarisu, shagreen. 2 From Persian sagri. In 

 Tibetan it is sag-ri; 3 in Manchu sarin (while Manchu tempi is a tran- 

 scription of Chinese sie-p'i §{ i&). 4 



15. Mongol kukur, kugur, sulphur. From Persian gugurd, Afghan 

 kokurt (Arabic kibrU, Hebrew gqfrit, Modern Syriac kugurd). 



16. Other Persian loan-words in Mongol have come from Tibetan, 

 thus: Mongol nal, spinel, balas ruby. From Tibetan nal; Persian lal 

 (Notes on Turqois, p. 48). Mongol zira, cummin. From Tibetan zi-ra; 

 Persian zira, lira (above, p. 383). 



17. In some cases the relation of Mongol to Persian is not entirely 

 clear. In these instances we have corresponding words in Turkish, and 

 it cannot be decided with certainty whether the Mongol word is trace- 

 able to Turkish or Persian. 



Thus Mongol boriyd, trumpet (cf. Manchu bur en and buleri), Turk- 

 ish boru, Uigur borgii, 1 Persian buri. 



18. Mongol dsdrdn (dsdgdrdn), a species of antelope (Procapra 

 subgutturosa)) Altaic jar an, wild goat of the steppe; Jagatai jiren, 

 gazelle; Persian jirdn, gazelle. 



19. Mongol tos (written tagus, togos, to indicate the length of the 

 vowel), peacock. From Persian \awus (TurkI ta'us). 



20. Mongol toti, parrot. From Persian toti (Uigur and TurkI toti). 



21. Mongol bag, garden. This word occurs in a Mongol-Chinese 

 inscription of the year 13 14, where the corresponding Chinese term 

 signifies "garden," and, as recognized by H. C. v. d. Gabelentz, 6 

 doubtless represents Persian bay ("garden"). 



1 Cf. T'oung Pao, 1916, pp. 82, 479. 



2 K'ien-luh's Polyglot Dictionary, Ch. 24, pp. 38, 39. 



3 T'oung Pao, 1916, p. 478. 



* This term is not noted in the Dictionary of Giles. 

 8 Pelliot, T'oung Pao, 1915, p. 22. 

 6 Z. K. d. Morg., Vol. II, 1839, p. 12. 



