582 Sino-Iranica 



p. 54) explains the Persian word as "free tree," and Leclerc accordingly 

 derives it from azdd-diraxt. Skr. nimba, nimbaka, mahanimba. 



8(40). ulnan, Herba alkali, chiefly species of Salsola. "There are 

 four kinds of alkali herb, a white, yellow, green, and an Indian kind 

 which occurs as Indian hazel-nut (funduq-i hindl), also called xurs-i 

 sini ('Chinese xurs') and rutta." Cf. T'owng Pao, 1916, p. 93; 

 above, p. 551. 



9(54). bitlx ul-hindi, P. hindewane, water-melon (above, p. 443). 



10(73). belddur, balddur, the marking-nut tree (Semecarpus anacar- 

 dium). Cf. above, p. 482. 



11(77). birinj-i kahili, "rice of Kabul" {Embelia ribes). Skr. vidanga 

 (cf. T'oung Pao, 1915, pp. 282-288; 1916, p. 69). 



12(78). bang, henbane (Hyoscyamus) , a narcotic prepared from 

 hemp-seeds. The seed was used as a substitute for opium (Abu Mansur, 

 No. 59). Skr. bhanga, hemp (Cannabis sativa). The Persian word is 

 also traced to Avestan banha, "a narcotic," but it seems to me preferable 

 to assume direct derivation from Skr. in historical times. Arabic banj, 

 Portuguese bango, French bangue. P. Sabibi, "a narcotic root; also the 

 inebriating hemp-seed." 



13(85). bi$, halakil, aconite (Aconitum). Hindi bis", Skr. visa (Aconi- 

 tum ferox), from visa, "poison;" Skr. halahala, a species of aconite and 

 a strong poison prepared from it. Cf. T'oung Pao, 1915, pp. 319-320, 

 note. 



14(87). tilt, mulberry (Morus alba), a native of China. The opinion 

 of Noldeke (Pers. Studien, II, p. 43), that the Persian word is traceable 

 to Semitic, is entirely erroneous, as this species spread from the far 

 east and India to Iran and Europe, and began to be cultivated in the 

 Mediterranean area only from the twelfth century. Skr. tuda and tula, 

 Bengali and Hindustani tul, tilt, Morus alba or indica (Roxburgh, Flora 

 Indica, p. 658); cf. Schrader in Hehn, Kulturpflanzen, p. 393. Morus 

 nigra, the black mulberry, is a native of Persia. 



15(90). tamr ul-hindi, P. tamar-i hindi, tamarind (Tamarindus 

 indica), cultivated throughout India and Burma. Skr. tintida, tintidika, 

 tintilika, etc., jhabuka, amlika. 



16(94). tanbul, P. pan, barge-tanbol, betel {Piper betle). Skr. tambula, 

 nagavallika. 



17(111). juz-i buwwa, P. juz-i buy a, nutmeg (Myristica moschata, 

 officinalis, or fragrans). Skr. jati, jatikoca, jatisara, jatiphala. 



18(112). juz-i matil, P. tatura, datura, Datura metel. Skr. matula, 

 dhatilra. Cf. T'oung Pao, 1917, p. 23. 



19(142). habb ul-qilqil (qulqul), seeds of Cassia tora (the foetid cassia). 

 Skr. prapunada, prapundfa, prapumnala, tubaricimba; Singhalese peti- 



