Indian Elements in Persian Pharmacology 583 



tora (also cultivated in Indo-China, China, and Japan: Perrot and 

 Hurrier, p. 146; Stuart, p. 96; Japanese ebisu-gusa). 



20(248). duhn ul-amlaj, oil of myrobalan (oleum emblicae). Cf. 



No. s. 



21(251). duhn ul-sunbul, Indian nard-oil (oleum Valerianae jata- 



mansi). Cf. No. 32. 



22(253). dar-slni, P. dar-Zinl, cinnamon (Laurus cinnamomum, Cin- 

 namomum tamala). Arabic also sadaj. Skr. tvaca. 



23(254). dar-filfil, P. piped, pilpil, long pepper (Piper longum). 

 Skr. pippall. 



24(260). dand, dend, dund, Croton tiglium. From Skr. danti, Croton 

 polyandrus (also called Baliospermum montanum). Abu Mansur adds 

 that this plant is called in Indian Mpal. This is Skr. jayapala, Croton 

 jamalgota (the latter from Hindustani jamalgota), styled also saraka. 

 Arabic also dend sini (Low, Aram. Pflanzennamen, p. 170). Cf. above, 

 p. 448. In Tibetan we have dan-da and dan-rog. 



25(261). P. divdar, devdar, Pinus or Cedrus devdara, deodara, or 

 deodora. Skr. devadaru ("tree of the gods"). In Persian also sanobar-i 

 hindi, naltar; Arabic lajratud-devdar , sandbarul-hind. 



26(272). zarira, sweet flag (Acorus calamus). Achundow (p. 192) 

 identifies Arabic zarira with an alleged Indian word dhsarirah, indicated 

 by Berendes; I cannot trace such an Indian word. Zarira appears to 

 be identical with Arabic dirira (Garcia) or darira ("aroma"); cf. also 

 LOw, I.e., p. 342. Skr. vaca, conveyed to Persian and Arabic as vaj 

 (Garcia: Guzerat vaz, Deccan bache, Malabar vazabu, Concan vaicam, 

 employed by Abu Mansur in No. 564, where Achundow identifies it 

 with Iris pseudacorus, and on p. 272 also with Acorus calamus), ugra- 

 gandha, and sadgranthd. 



27(281). ratta, P. bunduq-i hindi ("Indian hazel-nut"), Sapindus 

 mukorossi and trifoliatus (not in Watt); Achundow's identification is 

 apparently erroneous. The question evidently is of Guilandina bonduc 

 (cf. Leclerc, Vol. I, p. 276), also called Casalpinia bonducella, the 

 fever-nut or physic-nut, Skr. kuberaksi ("eye of Kubera"), latakaranja; 

 P. xayahe-i iblis; Arabic akitmakit, kitmakit. 



28(288). langalll (Middle Persian langavir), Arabic-Persian zanjabil, 

 ginger (Zingiber officinale). Three kinds — Chinese, Zanzibar, and 

 Melinawi or zurunbaj— are distinguished. The word is based on an 

 Indian vernacular form *s(§)angavira, corresponding to Pali singivera, 

 Skr. crngavera; ardraka (the fresh root). 



29(292). zurunbdd, P. zarambad, Curcuma zedoaria. Cf. Yule, 

 Hobson-Jobson, p. 979. 



30(304). zarwar, Curcuma aromatica or zedoaria. "This is an Indian 



