298 The Tinguian 



first boy is suggestive of Christian influence, but there are no traditions 

 or further details to link him with the Biblical character. 



Kabomyan is the friend and helper of the people, and by many is 

 classed above or identified with Kadaklan. At times he lives in the 

 sky ; again in a great cave near Patok. 1 From this cave came the jars 

 which could talk and move, here were found the copper gongs used 

 in the dances, and here too grew the wonderful tree which bore the 

 agate beads so prized by the women. This spirit gave the Tinguian 

 rice and sugar-cane, taught them how to plant and reap, how to foil 

 the designs of ill-disposed spirits, the words of the diams and the 

 details of many ceremonies. Further to bind himself to the people, 

 it is said, he married "in the first times" a woman from Manabo. He 

 is summoned in nearly every ceremony, and there are several ac- 

 counts of his having appeared in his own form. According to one of 

 these, he is of immense proportions ; his spear is as large as a tree, 

 and his head-axe the size of the end of the house. 2 



Apdel is the spirit who resides in the guardian stones (pinaing) 

 at the gate of the town. During a ceremony, or when the men are 

 away for a fight, it becomes his special duty to protect the village from 

 sickness and enemies. He has been known to appear as a red rooster 

 or as a white dog. 



Idadaya, who lives in the east (daya), is a powerful spirit who 

 attends the Pala-an ceremony. He rides a horse, which he ties to the 

 little structure built during the rite. Ten grand-children reside with 

 him, and they all wear in their hair the Igam (notched feathers attached 

 to a stick). When these feathers lose their lustre, they can only be 

 restored by the celebration of Pala-an (cf. p. 328). Hence the owners 

 cause some mortal, who has the right to conduct the ceremony, to 

 become ill, and then inform him through the mediums as to the cause 

 of his affliction. The names of the grand-children are as follows : 

 Pensipenondosan, Logosen, Bakoden, Bing-gasan, Bakdafigan, Giligen, 

 Idomalo, Agkabkabayo, Ebloyan, and Agtabtabokal. 



Kaiba-an is the spirit who lives in the little house or saloko in the 

 rice-fields, and who protects the growing crops. Offerings are made to 

 him, when a new field is constructed, when the rice is transplanted, 

 and at harvest time. "The ground which grows" (that is the nest 

 of the white ant) is said to be made by him. 



1 The people of Manabo say, he resides in the spirit-structures known as 

 balana, sogayab, batog, and balag (cf. pp. 308, et seq.) 



2 Among the Ifugao, Kabunian is the lowest of the three layers which make 

 up the heavens (Beyer, Origin Myths among the Mountain Peoples of the 

 Philippines, Phil. Jour, of Science, Vol. viii, No. 2, 1913, p. 99). 



