1. GEOGRAPHICAL RELATIONS AND HISTORY 



The Tinguian are a pagan Philippine people who inhabit chiefly 

 the mountain province of Abra in northwestern Luzon. From this 

 center their settlements radiate in all directions. To the north and 

 west, they extend into Ilocos Sur and Norte as far as Kabittaoran. 

 Manabo, on the south, is their last settlement; but Barit, Amtuagan, 

 Gayaman, and Luluno are Tinguian mixed with Igorot from Agawa 

 and Sagada. Villaviciosa is an Igorot settlement from Sagada, but 

 Bulilising, still farther south, is predominantly Tinguian. Sigay in 

 Amburayan is said to be made up of emigrants from Abra, while a few 

 rancherias in Lepanto are likewise much influenced. The non-Chris- 

 tian population of Ilocos Sur, south of Vigan, is commonly called 

 Tinguian, but only seven villages are properly so classed ; x four others 

 are inhabited by a mixed population, while the balance are Igorot col- 

 onies from Titipan, Sagada, and Fidilisan. Along the Cordillera Cen- 

 tral, from the head-waters of the Saltan (Malokbot) river as far 

 south as Balatok, is found a population of mixed Tinguian, Kalinga, 

 and Igorot blood. Kalinga predominates north of Balbalasang and 

 along the Gobang river, while the Igorot is dominant in Guina-an, 

 Lubuagan, and Balatok. Tinguian intermarriage has not extended far 

 beyond Balbalasang, but their culture and dress have affected the whole 

 region. 2 From this belt there have been extensive migrations into 

 Abra, the newcomers for the most part marrying with the Tinguian, 

 but in the Ikmin river valley emigrants from Balatok formed the 

 towns of Danok, Amti, and Doa-angan, which have remained quite iso- 

 lated up to the present time. Agsimao and other towns of the Tineg 

 group, in the extreme northern end of Abra, are made up chiefly of 

 Apayao mixed with Kalinga, while all the villages on the headwaters 

 of the Binongan have received emigrants from the Kagayan side. 

 The population of the towns properly classed as Tinguian is approxi- 

 mately twenty thousand individuals. 3 



1 These are Ballasio, Nagbuquel, Vandrell, Rizal, Mision, Mambog, and 

 Masingit. Kadangla-an, Pila, Kolongbuyan (Sapang) and Montero are mixed 

 Tinguian and Igorot. 



"See Cole, The Tinguian (Philippine Journal of Science, Vol. Ill, No. 4, 

 Sect. A, 1908, pp. 197, et seq.). 



3 Beyer (Population of the Philippine Islands in 1916, p. 74, Manila, 1917) 

 gives the population as 27,648. 



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