II. PHYSICAL TYPE AND RELATIONSHIPS 



From the time of the Spanish invasion up to the present, nearly 

 every author who has mentioned the people of northern Luzon has 

 described the Tinguian as being different from other Philippine tribes. 

 The majority of these writers has pictured them as being of larger 

 stature than their neighbors; as lighter in color, possessing aquiline 

 features and mongoloid eyes; as being tranquil and pacific in charac- 

 ter, and having a great aptitude for agriculture. From these char- 

 acteristics they have concluded that they are probably descended from 

 early Chinese traders, emigrants, or castaways, or are derived from 

 the remnants of the pirate band of the Chinese corsair Limahon (Lin- 

 fung), which fled into the mountains of Pangasinan after his defeat 

 by Salcedo in 1574. 



These conjectures are strengthened by the reported discovery, in 

 early times, of graves in northwestern Luzon, which contained bod- 

 ies of men of large stature accompanied by Chinese and Japanese 

 jewels. The undisputed fact that hundreds of ancient Chinese jars 

 and dishes are still among the cherished possessions of the Tinguian 

 is also cited as a further proof of a close relationship between these 

 peoples. Finally it is said that the head-bands, jackets, and wide 

 trousers of the men resemble closely those of the fishermen of Fukien, 

 one of the nearest of the Chinese provinces. 1 



Two writers, 2 basing their observations on color, physical resem- 



1 Discussions concerning the Chinese origin of the Tinguian will be found 

 in Mallat, Les Philippines, Vol. I, pp. 212-213; Vol. II, pp. 104-7, 345 (Paris, 

 1846) ; Plauchet, L'Archipel des Philippines (Revue des deux Mondes, 1887, 

 p. 442) ; Buzeto y Bravo, Diccionario geografico estadistico historico; Semper, 

 Die Philippinen und ihre Bewohner ( Wurzburg, 1869) ', Blumentritt, Versuch 

 einer Ethnographie der Philippinen (Petcrman's Mittheilungen, 1882, No. 67) ; 

 Reyes, Die Tinguianen (Mittheilungen K. K. Geogr. Gesellscliaft in Wien, 1887, 

 p. 5, et seq.) ; Reyes, Filipinas articulos varios (Manila, 1887) ; Sanchez y 

 Ruiz, Razas de Filipinas, usos y custombres, Memoria Exposicion General, 

 pp. 51, 60, 138 (Manila, 1887) ; Montblanc, Les Isles Philippines, p. 22 (Paris, 

 1887) ; Montero y Vidal, El Archipelago Filipino, p. 289 (Manila, 1886) ; 

 Bowring, A Visit to the Philippines, p. 171 (London, 1859) ', Sawyer, The In- 

 habitants of the Philippines, p. 276 (London, 1900) ; Zuniga, Historia, pp. 19-38 

 (Sampaloc, 1803); Colin, Labor evangelica, Vol. I, chaps. 4, 12-14 (Madrid, 

 1663) ; Blair and Robertson (The Philippine Islands, Vol. XL, pp. 316, et seq.) 

 give a translation of San Antonio Chronicas, written in Manila between 1738- 

 44, also of Colin, Labor evangelica, of 1663; Brinton, The Peoples of the 

 Philippines (Am. Anthropologist, Vol. XI, 1898, p. 302). 



'Paul de la Gironiere, Vingt annees aux Philippines (Paris, 1853); 

 Stuntz, The Philippines and the Far East, p. 36 (New York, 1904). 



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