256 The Tinguian 



Observations on 18 males 



Average height 1.550 Range 1.46 to 1.630 



length of head .186 .176 to .104 



breadth of head .146 .138 to .153 



bizygomatic width .135 .129 to .142 



length of nose .041 .031 to .046 



breadth of nose .040 .036 to .046 



cephalic index 78.43 



nasal index 99.8 



Observations on 7 females 

 Average height 1.486 Range 



" length of head .182 



" breadth of head .143 



" bizygomatic width .131 



" length of nose .037 



" width of nose .037 



" cephalic index 78.59 



" nasal index 99.7 



From these descriptive sheets it is obvious that each tribe is made 

 up of very heterogeneous elements, and each overlaps the other to a 

 considerable extent; however, the number of individuals measured is 

 sufficiently great for us to draw certain general conclusions from the 

 averages of each group. 



It is at once evident that the differences between the Ilocano and 

 the Valley Tinguian are very slight, in fact are less than those between 

 the valley and mountain people of the latter tribe. The Ilocano appear 

 to be slightly taller, the length of head a little less, and the breadth a 

 bit more ; yet there is an average difference of only two points in the 

 cephalic indices of the two groups. The only other points of 

 divergence are : the greater percentage among the Ilocano of eyes 

 showing the Mongolian fold, and the occurrence of straight hair in 

 about half the individuals measured. However, this latter feature 

 may be more apparent than real ; for the Ilocano cut the hair short, 

 and a slight degree of waviness might readily pass unobserved. 



As we pass from the Valley to the Mountain Tinguian, and from 

 them to the Apayao, we find the average stature almost constant, but 

 the head becomes longer; there is a greater tendency for the cheek- 

 bones to protrude and the face to be angular, and there is a more 

 frequent development of the supra-orbital ridges. The root of the 

 nose is often flat and the bridge concave ; while wavy hair becomes the 

 rule in the mountains. There is a slight decrease, in the Tinguian 

 groups, of eyes showing the Mongolian fold, but in the Apayao the 

 percentage again equals that of the Ilocano. 



The Apayao present no radical differences to the Mountain Tin- 

 guian ; yet, as already noted, the length and height of the head are 



