Physical Type and Relationships 257 



slightly greater ; the zygomatic arches more strongly developed ; the 

 face more angular; and the nose is broader as compared with its 

 length. Evidences of former extensive intermixture are here apparent, 

 while at the present time there is rather free marriage with the neigh- 

 boring Kalinga and Negrito. 



Comparing these four groups with the Igorot, we find that the 

 latter averages slightly taller than all but the Ilocano. The breadth of 

 the head is about the same as the Ilocano; but the length is much 

 greater, and there is, in consequence, a considerable difference in the 

 cephalic index. Reference to our tables will show the Ilocano and 

 both Tinguian divisions to be brachycephalic, while the Igorot is 

 mesaticephalic. The average index of the Apayao also falls in the 

 latter classification ; but the variation from Igorot is greater than 

 is indicated, for the Apayao skull is actually considerably shorter and 

 narrower. In the length and breadth of the nose, the Igorot exceeds 

 any of the groups studied, while the Malayan (Mongolian?) fold of 

 the eye is reported in the great majority of cases. The bodily appear- 

 ance of the Tinguian and Bontoc Igorot differs little, although the 

 latter are generally of a slightly heavier build. Both are lithe and 

 well proportioned, their full rounded muscles giving them the appear- 

 ance of trained athletes ; neither is as stocky or heavy set as are the 

 Igorot of Amburayan, Lepanto, and Benguet. 



There is great variation in color among the members of all these 

 tribes, the tones varying from a light olive brown to a dark reddish 

 brown ; but in general the Ilocano and Valley Tinguian are of a lighter 

 hue than the mountain people. 



Observations on the Southern Chinese and the South Perak Malay 

 are given below, not with the intention of connecting them with any 

 one of the tribes of Luzon, but in order to test, by comparison, the 

 theory of the Chinese origin of the Tinguian, and also to secure, if 

 possible, some clue as to the relationships of both peoples. 



THE SOUTHERN CHINESE 



Dr. Girard, 1 as a result of his studies on the Chinese of Kwang-si, 

 a province of southern China, expresses the belief that the population 

 is greatly mixed, but all considered they appear more like Indo-Chinese 

 than like the Chinese proper (that is, Northern Chinese). Deniker 2 



'Notes sur les Chinois du Quang-si (L'Anthropologie, Vol. IX, 1898, 

 pp. 144-170). 



2 The Races of Man, pp. 384, 577, ct scq. (London, 1900). 



