260 The Tinguian 



The presence of large quantities of ancient Chinese pottery in 

 Abra must be ascribed to trade, for it is inconceivable that a fugitive 

 band of warriors would have carried with them the hundreds of jars — 

 many of large size — which are now found in the interior. 



The reputed similarity of the garments of the men to those of 

 Fukien fishermen is likewise without value, for at the time of the 

 Spanish invasion both Ilocano and Tinguian were innocent of trousers. 

 It was not until the order of Gov. Penfiarubia, in 1868, barring all 

 unclad pagans from the Christianized towns, that the latter donned 

 such garments. To-day many of the men possess full suits, but the 

 ordinary dress is still the head-band, breech-cloth, and belt. 



Finally, it seems curious that the Tinguian should be of "a pacific 

 character" because of the fact that they are descended from a band of 

 Chinese pirates. 



Summarizing our material, we can say of the Tinguian, that they 

 are a rather short, well-built people with moderately high, brachy- 

 cephalic heads, fairly high noses, and angular faces. Their hair is 

 brown black and inclined to be wavy, while the skin varies from a 

 light olive brown to a dark reddish brown. A study of our tables 

 shows that within this group there are great extremes in stature, head 

 and nasal form, color, and the like, indicating very heterogeneous 

 elements in its make-up. We also find that physically the Tinguian 

 conform closely to the Ilocano, while they merge without a sharp 

 break into the Apayao of the eastern mountain slopes. When compared 

 to the Igorot, greater differences are manifest; but even here, the 

 similarities are so many that we cannot classify the two tribes as 

 members of different races. 



We have seen that this people approaches the southern Chinese in 

 many respects, but this is likewise true of all the other tribes under 

 discussion and, hence, we are not justified, on anatomic grounds, in 

 considering the Tinguian as distinct, because of Chinese origin. The 

 testimony of historical data and language leads us to the same con- 

 clusions. Chinese influence, through trade, has been active for many 

 centuries along the north and west coast of Luzon, but it has not been 

 of a sufficiently intimate nature to introduce such common articles of 

 convenience and necessity as the composite bow, the potter's wheel, 

 wheeled vehicles, and the like. 



The anatomical data likewise prevent us from setting this tribe 

 apart from the others, because of Japanese or Indonesian origin. 



