The Ceremonies 329 



around and, keeping time to the music of copper gongs, they circle 

 the mortar contra-clockwise, striking its edge three times in regular 

 beats of 1, 2, 3; on the next beat the leader strikes the bottom of her 

 pestle against that of her neighbor, on the first and second beats, but 

 on the third she pounds the rice in the mortar. This is repeated by the 

 woman on her right and so on around the circle. Then the leader 

 strikes the top of her pestle against the top of the one held by the 

 women next her on two beats and on the third pounds rice, and this 

 is repeated by all. The music now becomes much faster, and, keeping 

 time with it, the leader strikes first into the rice, then whirls clear 

 around and strikes the pestle of the woman on her left ; again she 

 turns and strikes that of the woman on her right. Each follows her 

 in turn, and soon all are in motion about the mortar, alternately pound- 

 ing the rice and clashing pestles. This is known as kltong, and is the 

 method prescribed by the great spirit Kaboniyan for the breaking of 

 a part of the rice to be used in this and other ceremonies 

 (Plate XXXI). 



As soon as the pounding is finished, the medium places some of the 

 newly broken rice in a bamboo dish, and places this on a rice winnower. 

 She also adds a skirt, five pieces of betel-nut, two piper leaves, and a 

 little dish of oil, and carries the collection below the pala-an, where a 

 bound pig lies. The betel-nut and leaf are placed on the animal, then 

 the medium dips her fingers in the oil, and strokes its side while she 

 recites the following diam: — 



"The spirit who lives in Dadaya lies in bed ; he looks at his Igam, 

 and they are dull. He looks again, 'Why are my igam dull? Ala, let 

 us go to Sudipan, where the Tinguian live, and let us take our igam, so 

 that some one may make them bright again.' After that they laid 

 them (the igam) on the house of the Ipogau, and they are all sick who 

 live in that house. Kaboniyan looked down on them. 'Ala, I shall 

 go down to the Ipogau.' He truly went down to them, 'What is the 

 matter with you?' 'We are all sick who live in the same place,' said 

 those sick ones. 'That is true, and the cause of your sickness is that 

 they (the spirits) laid down their Igam on you. It is best that you make 

 Pala-an, since you have received their igam, for that is the cause of 

 your illness.' After that they made Palawan, and they recovered from 

 their sickness, those who lived in the sanle place. (Here the medium 

 calls the spirits of Dadaya by name and then continues.) 'Now those 

 who live in the same place make bright again those igam which you left 

 in their house. Make them well again, if you please'." 



As soon as she finishes her recital, the pig is stabbed in the throat, 



