The Ceremonies 341 



dull, he puts it in the fire, then puts it in his mouth to wet it, so 

 as to make it ring." Three spirits now appeared in quick succession, 

 and discussed with the old men the advisability of adopting the 

 Americans 1 as Ipogau. Finally the leader Ilabdangan called them to 

 the* mat before him and told them their names, and also recited a list 

 of their relations. Then, filling a coconut shell with ba si, he drank 

 half and presented the shell to each candidate, who had to drain it to 

 the last drop. A circle was formed, and for the balance of the after- 

 noon the new members of the tribe had to dance tadek with their 

 relations. 



Just before dusk, the Igorot spirit Daliwaya, who had been present 

 the night before, appeared and demanded that the American give her 

 cloth for her clout. When she received this, she sang and then in- 

 structed the men how to dance in Igorot fashion. When finally they 

 were doing her bidding, she danced beside them with outstretched arms 

 in the manner of the Igorot women. Later, when the medium was 

 again herself, we questioned her concerning her knowledge of this 

 dance, but she professed absolute ignorance. 



That evening the people danced tadek, for a short time, near to 

 the pala-an, then a fire was built beside the tangpap, and by its light 

 the visitors danced da-eng until far into the night (cf. p. 440). 



Early the next morning, the men went to some banana trees- near 

 to a rice granary, and there constructed a little spirit house, which 

 resembled the pala-an, except that it was only about four feet high. 

 This was called balitang, and was made in fulfilment of the orders 

 given by the spirit Imalbi on the previous evening. When it was 

 finished, the medium placed a dish of broken rice on it, and then tied 

 a rooster with a belt close enough, so that the fowl could eat of the 

 rice. Returning to the dwelling, she took down a small shield which 

 was attached to the wall, placed new leaves and a dish of oil on it. 

 Then as she stirred the oil, she sang the Talatal (Plate XXXII). The 

 significance of this song, which consists only of mentioning the names 

 of prominent men of various villages, seems to be lost. The kalang, 

 or spirit box, was then redecorated, food was dropped through the 

 slits in the floor for visiting spirits, and finally the medium held the 

 shield over the heads of the family, beat upon it with a head-axe, while 



1 In addition to the writer and his wife, Lieut, and Mrs. H. B. Rowell 

 were initiated at this time. The Lieutenant had long been a friend and adviser 

 of the tribe, and was held in great esteem by them. The writer's full name was 

 Agonan Dumalawi, Mrs. Cole's — Ginobayan Gimpayan, Lieut. Rowell's — 

 Andonan Dogyawi, and Mrs. Rowell's — Gayankayan Gidonan. 



