The Ceremonies 345 



on the spirit shield and hanger ; offerings are made at the new structure, 

 numerous spirits appear, talk to and amuse the people, and finally 

 da-eng is danced until late evening. 



Following the ceremony, all members of the family are barred from 

 work for about one month. They may not eat the meat of the wild 

 carabao, wild hog, beef, eels, nor may they use peppers in their food. 

 Wild fowl are barred for a period of one year. 



Kalangan is much more widespread than either Tangpap or the 

 Sayang ceremony, and this spirit structure is often found in villages, 

 where the other great ceremonies are lacking. 



Sayang. — The greatest of all the ceremonies is the Sayang, the 

 ability to celebrate which proclaims the family as one of wealth and 

 importance. In most cases the right is hereditary, but, as already in- 

 dicated, a person may gain the privilege by giving, in order, and 

 through a term of years, all the minor ceremonies. In such circum- 

 stances Sayang follows Kalangan after a lapse of from four to eight 

 years. Otherwise the ceremony will be held about once in seven years, 

 or when the spirit structure known as balaua is in need of repairs. 



Originally this appears to have been a seventeen-day ceremony, 

 as it still is in Manabo, Patok, Lagangilang, and neighboring villages, 

 but in San Juan, Lagayan, Danglas, and some other settlements it now 

 lasts only five or seven days. However, even in those towns where 

 it occupies full time, the first twelve days are preliminary in nature. 



On the first day, the mediums go to the family dwelling and take 

 great pains to see that all forbidden articles are removed, for wild 

 ginger, peppers, shrimps, carabao flesh, and wild pork are tabooed, 

 both during the ceremony and for the month following. The next 

 duty is to construct a woven bamboo frame known as talapitap on 

 which the spirits are fed, and to prepare two sticks known as 

 dakidak, one being a thin slender bamboo called bolo, the other a reed. 

 These are split at one end, so they will rattle when struck on the 

 ground, and thus call the attention of the spirit for whom food is 

 placed on the rack. 



That evening a fire is built in the yard, and beside it the mediums 

 dance da-eng alone. Meanwhile a number of women gather in the 

 yard and pound rice out of the straw. This pounding of rice continues 

 each evening of the first five days. The first night they beat out ten 

 bundles, the second, twenty, and so on, until they clean fifty on the 

 fifth day. 



Little occurs during the second and third days, but on these even- 

 ings the young men and girls join the mediums and dance da-eng by 



