478 The Tinguian 



Numbers have been put down in some of the columns of the table. 

 These figures indicate the number of times the quality appeared in the 

 song. If the song has several verses on the record, and the quality ap- 

 pears the same number of times in each, then the tabulation gives the 

 number of times in but a single verse. If the verses vary in the use 

 of the quality, then an average has been struck and figure put down in 

 the tabulation. In those songs where a certain quality occurs with such 

 irregularity that it was impossible to represent the average without 

 fractions, only the mark X has been put down in the table, simply to 

 indicate that the quality was present. Such qualities as Tonality, 

 Character, Structure, Scale, etc., naturally, with few exceptions, run 

 through the whole song, and they are indicated by the X. Some songs 

 have both of two opposed qualities. When this occurs, it is shown by 

 checking both qualities. 1 Some qualities which were present, but in- 

 determinable are indicated by an interrogation-point. 2 



Following the tabulation is given a detailed explanation or defini- 

 tion of each of the qualities listed at the heads of the vertical columns. 



Dying Tones. — Found only at the end of some few glissandos. On 

 the glide, the volume of sound diminishes so rapidly that when the 

 final tone of the group is reached, the sound has practically died out. 

 The effect is something like a short groan with no anguish in it. Sign, 

 — same as a muted note, but written at the end of a glissando. 



Muted Tones. — Sort of half -articulated tones, if I may use that 

 expression. Without more records of the same songs in which these 

 are shown, it is not possible to determine whether they are intended 

 by the singers as necessary parts of the records. Sign, — note with 

 small square head. 



Inhaled Tones. — Tones produced well back in the throat while 

 sharply inhaling the breath rather than exhaling it, as practiced almost 

 universally by singers. Sign, — circle with dot in center. 



Pulsated Tones. — Tones of more than one beat sung with a ryth- 

 mic stressing usually in accord with the time meter or some multiple of 

 that meter. Pulsation is rarely heard among modern musicians, except 

 in drilling ensemble singing. It is heard quite frequently in the singing 

 of our American Indians and in the songs of several other primitive 

 peoples. It occurs to some extent in nearly every one of the Tinguian 

 men's songs. It is found in but one of those sung by women. 



Record F, Song of a Spirit, shows both major and minor tonality (for 

 explanation see analysis of this song, p. 466). 



'Record J, Da-eng (Girls' part), shows this mark in the "Scale" given below 

 the transcription (for explanation see analysis of this song, p. 471). 



