20 



TREES OF NORTn AMERICA 



PiCi 20 



19. Pizius ligida, Mill. Pitch Fine. 



Leaves stout, rigid, dark yt'llu\v-<^roon, marked on the 3 faces by many rows of 

 stomata, 3'-5' long, standing stiflly and at right angles with the hranelies, decidu- 

 ous during their second year. 

 Flo-wers : staminate in short 

 crowded spikes, yellow or 

 rarely purple ; pistillate often 

 clustered and raised on short 

 stout stems, light green more 

 or less tinged with rose color. 

 Fruit ovate-conical or ovate, 

 nearly sessile, often clustered, 

 l'-3^' long, becoming light 

 brown, with thin flat scales 

 armed with recurved rigid 

 prickles, often remaining on 

 the branches for ten or twelve 

 years ; seeds nearly triangular, 

 full and rounded on the sides, 

 Y long, with a thin dark brown 

 mottled roughened shell and wings broadest below the middle, gradually narrowed 

 to the very oblique apex, |' long, ^' wide. 



A tree, o0-60 or rarely 80 high, with a short trunk occasional!}' 3 in diameter, 

 tiiick contorted often pendulous branches covered with thick much roughened bark, 

 forming a round-topped thick head, often irregular and picturesque, and stout 

 bright green branchlets becoming dull orange color during their first winter and 

 dark gray-brown at the end of four or five years; often fruitful when only a few feet 

 high. Bark of young stems thin and broken into plate-like dark red-brown scales, 

 becoming on old trunks f -1^' thick, deeply and irregularly fissured and divided 

 into broad flat connected ridges separating on the surface into thick dark red-brown 

 scales often tinged with purple. Wood light, soft, not strong, brittle, coarse- 

 grained, very durable, light brown or red, with thick yellow or often white sap- 

 wood ; largely used for fuel and in the manufacture of charcoal ; occasionally sawed 

 into lumber. 



Distribution. Sandy plains and dry gravelly uplands, or less frequently cold deep 

 swamps ; valley of the St. John River in New Brunswick to the northern shores of 

 Lake Ontario, southward in the Atlantic states to northern Georgia; crossing the 

 Alleghany Mountains to their western foothills in West Virginia, Kentucky, and 

 Tennessee ; very abundant on the Atlantic coast south of Massachusetts Bay ; often 

 forming extensive forests in southern New Jersey. 



20. Pinus serotina, Michx. Pond Pine. Marsh Pine. 



Leaves in clusters of 3 or occasionally of 4, slender, flexuose, dark j^ellow-green, 

 6'-8' long, marked by numerous rows of stomata on the 3 faces, deciduous dur- 

 ing their third and fourth j^ears. FloTwers : staminate in crowded spikes, dark 

 orange color ; pistillate clustered or in pairs on stout stems. Fruit subglobose to 

 ovate-oblong, full and rounded or pointed at the apex, subsessile or short-stalked, 

 horizontal or slightly declinate, 2'-2^' long, with thin nearly flat scales armed with 



