viii TKEFACE 



Oak in that region need occupy himself only with those species which in the conspectus 

 of the genus Quercus or Pinusare followed by the letter (A), while a person wishing 

 to determine an Oak or a Pine-tree in Oregon or California may pass over all species 

 which are not followed by (G), the letter which represents the Pacific coast region 

 south of the state of Washington. 



The sign of degrees () is used in this work to represent feet, and the sign of min- 

 utes (') inches. 



The illustrations which accompany each species and important variety are one 

 half the size of nature, except in the case of a few of the large Pine cones, the flow- 

 ers of some of the Magnolias, and the leaves and flower-clusters of the Palms. These 

 are represented as less than half the size of nature in order to make the illustrations 

 of uniform size. These illustrations are from drawings by Mr. Faxon, in which he 

 has shown his usual skill and experience as a botanical draftsman in bringing out 

 the most important characters of each species, and in them will be found the chief 

 value of this Manual. For aid in its preparation I am indebted to him and to my 

 other associates, Mr. Alfred Rehder and Mr. George R. Shaw, who have helped me 



in compiling the most difficult of the keys. 



C. S. Sargent. 

 Arnold Arboketum, Jamaica Plain, Mass. 

 January, 1905. 



