86 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



axils of small fleshy scales, often enlarged and conspicuous on the fruit; seeds 1-12; 

 leaves in 3's or opposite, mostly scale-like, crowded, closely appressed and adnate on the 

 branches, free and awl-shaped on vigorous shoots and young plants ; buds naked. 

 Fruit large, reddish brown^ with dry fibrous sweet flesh. 

 Seeds single or few ; cotyledons 4-6. 



Fruit usually oblong ; seeds 1 or 2 ; leaves in 3's, rounded at the apex, conspicu- 

 ously glandular on the back ; branchlets stout. 2. J. Calif ornica (G). 

 Fruit mostly globose ; seeds usually solitary ; leaves in 3's or in pairs, acute or 

 acuminate, without glands ; branchlets slender. 3. J. Utaheiisis (F, G). 

 Seeds 4-12 ; cotyledons 2. 



Fruit oblong or globose ; leaves in pairs, glandular, often slightly spreading at the 

 acute or acuminate apex; branchlets slender. 4. J. flaccida (F). 



Fruit globose ; seeds usually 4 ; leaves in pairs, acute, glandular ; branchlets slen- 

 der ; bark thin, broken into small oblong plates. 5, J. pachyphlaea (E, F, H). 

 Fruit small (large in 6), blue or blue-black {rarely copper color in 7), with resinous 

 juicy flesh ; seeds 1-4 ; cotyledons 2. 

 Fruit subglobose or oblong, the flesh filled with large resin-glands ; seeds 2 or 3 ; 

 leaves in 3's, conspicuously glandular ; branchlets stout. 



6. J. occidentalis (B, G). 

 Fruit globose or oblong ; seeds 1 or rarely 2 ; leaves usually without glands ; 



branchlets slender. 7. J. monosperma (F). 



Fruit globose ; seeds 1-4 ; leaves obtuse or rarely acute, keeled and glandular ; 

 branchlets slender. 8. J. sabiiioides (C). 



Fruit subglobose ; seeds 1-4 ; leaves acute, acuminate, or rarely obtuse, glandu- 

 lar ; branchlets stout, often erect. 9. J. Virginiaiia (A, C). 

 Fruit small, subglobose ; seeds usually 2 ; leaves in pairs, acute or acuminate, 

 glandular ; branchlets very slender ; pendulous. 10. J. Barbadensis (C). 

 Fruit subglobose, maturing the second season ; seeds usually 2 ; leaves acute or 

 acuminate; branchlets rigid, often erect. 11. J. scopulorum (B, F). 



1. Leaves awl-shaped, rigid, free and jointed at the base. 



1. Juniperus communis, L. Juniper. 



Leaves in ternate whorls, spreading nearly at right angles to the branchlets, linear- 

 lanceolate, acute and tipped with sharp slender points, articulate and truncate at the 

 base, thickened, rounded, obscurely ridged, dark green and lustrous on the lower 

 surface, snowy white and covered with stomata on the upper surface, y-^' long, about 

 ^' wide, turning during winter a deep rich bronze color on the lower surface, per- 

 sistent for many years. Flowers : staminate composed of 5 or 6 whorls each of 3 

 stamens, with broadly ovate acute and short-pointed connectives, bearing at the very 

 base 3 or 4 globose anther-cells; pistillate surrounded by 5 or 6 whorls of ternate 

 leaf-like scales, composed of 3 slightly spreading ovules abruptly enlarged and open 

 at the apex, with 3 minute obtuse fleshy scales below and alternate with them. 

 Fruit maturing in the third season, subglobose or oblong, tipped with the remnants 

 of the enlarged points of the ovules, about \' in diameter, with soft mealy resinous 

 sweet flesii and 1-3 seeds; often persistent on the branches one or two years after 

 ripening; seeds ovate, acute, irregularly angled or flattened, deeply penetrated by 

 numerous prominent thin-walled resin-glands, about \' long, the outer coat thick and 

 bony, the inner membranaceous. 



In America only occasionally tree-like and 20-30 tall, with a short eccentric ir- 

 regularly lobed trunk rarely a foot in diameter, erect branches forming an irregular 



