126 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



1. JUGLANS, L. Walnut. 



Trees, with furrowed scaly bark, durable dark-colored wood, stout branchlets, 

 laminate pith, terminal buds with 2 pairs of opposite more or less oj^en scales often 

 obscurely pinnate at the apex, those of the inner pair more or less leaf-like, and ob- 

 tuse slightly flattened axillary buds formed before midsummer and covered with 4 

 ovate rounded scales, closed or open during winter. Leaves with numerous leaflets, 

 and terete petioles leaving in falling large conspicuous elevated obcordate 3-lobed 

 leaf-scars displaying 3 equidistant U-shaped clusters 6f dark fibro-vascular bundle- 

 scars; leaflets conduplicate in the bud, ovate, acute or acuminate, mostly unequal 

 at the base, with veins arcuate and united near the margins. Aments of the stami- 

 nate flowers many-flowered, elongated, solitary or in pairs from lower axillary buds of 

 upper nodes, appearing from between persistent bud-scales in the autumn and remain- 

 ing during the winter as short cones covered by the closely imbricated bracts of the 

 flowers; calyx 3-6-lobed, its bract free only at the apex; stamens 8-40, in 2 or several 

 ranks, their anthers surmounted by a conspicuous dilated truncate or lobed con- 

 nective; pistillate flowers in few-flowered spikes, their involucre villous, free only at 

 the apex and variously cut into a laciniate border (corolla ?) shorter than the erect 

 calyx-lobes; ovary rarely of 3 carpels; stigmas club-shaped, elongated, fimbriately 

 plumose. Fruit ovoid, globose or pyriform, cylindrical or obscurely 4-angled, with 

 a fleshy indehiscent glabrate or hirsute husk; nut ovoid or globose, more or less flat- 

 tened, hard, thick-walled, longitudinally and irregularly rugose, the valves alternate 

 with the cotyledons, and more or less ribbed along the dorsal sutures and in some 

 species also on the marginal sutures. Seed more or less compressed, gradually nar- 

 rowed or broad and deeply lobed at the base, with conspicuous dark veins radiating 

 from the apex and from the minute basal hilum. 



Juglans is confined to temperate North America, the West Indies, South America 

 from Venezuela to Peru, Persia, northwestern India, northern China, Manchuria, and 

 Japan. Ten species are known. Of exotic species Juglans regia, L., an inhabitant 

 probably of Persia and northwestern India, is cultivated in the middle Atlantic and 

 southern states and largely in California for its edible nuts, which are an important 

 article of commerce. The wood of several species is valued for the interior finish of 

 houses and for furniture. 



Juglans, from Jupiter and glands, is the classical name of the Walnut-tree. 



CONSPECTUS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES. 



Fruit racemose ; nut prominently 4-ribbed at the sutures, 2-celled at the base ; heartwood 

 light brown. 



Leaflets 11-17, oblong-lanceolate. 1. J. cinerea (A). 



Fruit usually solitary or in pairs ; nut without sutural ribs, 4-celled at the base ; heartwood 

 dark brown. 



Leaflets 15-23, ovate-lanceolate ; nut prominently and irregularly ridged, with often 

 interrupted ridges. 2. J. nigra (A, C.) 



Leaflets 9-23, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate ; nut deeply grooved. 



3. J. rupestris (C, E, H). 

 Leaflets 11-17, ovate-lanceolate ; nut obscurely grooved. 4. J. Californica (G.) 



1. Juglans cinerea, L. Butternut. 



Leaves 15'-30' long, with stout pubescent petioles, and 11-17 oblong-lanceolate 

 acute or acuminate leaflets 2'-3' long, l^'-2' wide, finely serrate except at the 



