FAGACE^ 241 



hairs, and when fully grown thick and rigid, bright yellow-green and lustrous above, 

 paler, lustrous, and glabrous below, with large tufts of rusty hairs in the axils of the 

 veins, 3'-12' long, I'-IO' wide, but usually about 5' long and broad, with broad yel- 

 low or red-brown midribs, turning brown or dull yellow before falling in the autumn; 

 their petioles stout, grooved, ^'-f long. Flowers: staminate in slender hairy red- 

 steramed aments 4'-5' long; calyx puberulous and divided into 4 or 5 ovate acute 

 lobes; pistillate on short stout tomentose peduncles, their involucral scales bright 

 red, pubescent, hairy at the margins; stigmas dark red. Fruit short-stalked, usually 

 solitary; acorn oval, full and rounded at the ends, about 1' long and |' broad, dull 

 light brown, covered at the apex by a thin coat of snow-white tomentum, inclosed 

 for about one third its length in a thin turbinate cup often gradually narrowed into 

 a stout stalk-like base, light red-brown, lustrous, and puberulous on the inner surface, 

 covered by ovate-oblong rounded scales extending above the rim of the cup and down 

 over the upper third of the inner surface, and hoary-pubescent except on their thin 

 bright red margins. 



A tree, usually 20-30, or occasionally 50-60 high, with a trunk rarely exceed- 

 ing 2 in diameter, stout spreading more or less contorted branches forming a nar- 

 row open irregular generally round-topped head, and stout branchlets coated at first 

 with stellate articulate hairs, nearly glabrous and deep red when the leaves are half 

 grown, dark red in their first winter, gradually growing dark brown; generally much 

 smaller and sometimes shrubby. Winter-buds elongated, acute, ^' long, with light 

 chestnut-brown scales erose on the thin margins, and coated, especially toward the 

 point of the bud, with rusty pubescence. Bark ^'-V thick, red internally, dark gray 

 tinged v/ith red on the surface, and at the base of old trunks becoming nearly black, 

 deeply and irregularly furrowed and broken into small appressed scales. Wood 

 heavy, hard, strong, rather close-grained, light brown tinged with red, with thick 

 lighter colored sapwood; largely used for fuel. 



Distribution. Dry barren sandy ridges and sandy bluffs and hummocks in the 

 neighborhood of the coast; North Carolina to Cape Malabar and the shores of Peace 

 Creek, Florida, and to eastern Louisiana; comparatively rare tow'ard the western 

 limits of its range, and most abundant and of its largest size on the high bluff-like 

 shores of bays and estuaries in South CarMina and Georgia. 



10. Quercus nana, Sarg. Bear Oak. Scrub Oak. 



Leaves obovate or rarely oblong, gradually or abruptly wedge-shaped at the 

 base, divided by wide shallow sinuses into 3-7, usually 5, acute lobes, the terminal 

 lobe ovate, elongated, rounded and 3-toothed or acute and dentate or entire at the 

 apex, the lateral lobes spreading, mostly triangular and acute, or those of the upper 

 pair broad, oblique and repand-lobulate, or broad at the apex, slightly 3-lobed and 

 entire below, or deeply 3-lobed above and sinuate below, or occasionally oblong to 

 oblong-obovate and entire, with undulate margins, dull red and puberulous or 

 pubescent on the upper surface and coated on the lower and on the petioles with 

 thick pale tomentum when they unfold, when half grown light yellow-green, lus- 

 trous, slightly pubescent above and tomentose below, with conspicuous tufts of silvery 

 white hairs in the axils of the veins, at maturity thick and firm, dark green and 

 lustrous above, covered below with pale or silvery white pubescence, 2'-o' long, 

 l^'-3' wide, with stout yellow midribs and slender primary veins, turning dull 

 scarlet or yellow before falling in the autumn; their petioles slender, glabrous, or 

 pubescent, I'-l^' long. Flowers: staminate in hairy aments I'-o' long, and often 



