244 



TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



western Missouri to central Tennessee and Kentucky, and southern Indiana and 

 Illinois; in the north Atlantic states only in the neighborhood of the coast and com- 

 paratively rare; very common in the south Atlantic and Gulf states on dry hills 

 between the coast plain and the Appalachian Mountains; less abundant in the south- 

 ern maritime Pine belt. 



12, Quercus pagodcefolia, Ashe. Swamp Spanish Oak. Red Oak. 



Leaves oval to oblong, acuminate, gradually narrowed and cuneate, or full and 

 rounded or rarely truncate at the base, deeply divided by wide sinuses rounded at 

 the bottom into 5-11 acuminate usually entire repand-dentate lobes often falcate 

 and spreading at right angles to the midrib or pointed toward the apex of the leaf, 

 when they unfold coated with pale tomentum, thickest on the lower surface, and 

 dark red on the upper surface, at maturity dark green and very lustrous above, pale 

 and tomentose below, 6'-8' long and 5'-6' wide, with stout midribs usually puberu- 

 lous on the upper side, slender primary veins arched to the points of the lobes, and 

 conspicuous reticulate veinlets, turning bright clear yellow before falling in the 

 autumn; their petioles stout, pubescent or tomentose, 1^ '-2' long. Flowers: stami- 

 nate in clustered slender villous aments 2'-3' long; calyx thin, scarious, pubescent 

 on the outer surface, more or less deeply tinged with red, divided into 4 or 5 rounded 

 segments; pistillate on 1-3-flowered tomentose peduncles, their involucral scales 

 hoary-tomentose, about as long as the acute calyx-lobes; stigmas dark red. Fruit 

 short-stalked or nearly sessile; acorn ovate to subglobose, light yellow-brown, puber- 

 ulous toward the rounded apex, about f ' in diameter, inclosed for nearly one half its 



length in a flat or slightly turbinate cup thin, slightly lobed on the border, glabrous 

 on the inner surface, and covered by oblong rather loosely imbricated scales pale- 

 pubescent except on their dark margins. 



A tree, sometimes 120 high, with a trunk 4-5 in diameter, heavy branches 

 forming in the forest a short narrow crown, or in more open situations wide-spread- 

 ing or ascending and forming a great open head, and slender branchlets hoary 

 tomentose at first, tomentose or pubescent during their first winter, and dark reddish 

 brown and puberulous during their second year. Winter-buds ovoid, acute, often 

 prominently 4-angled, about \' long, with light red-brown puberulous scales some- 

 times ciliate at the apex. Bark about 1' thick and roughened by small rather 

 closely appressed plate-like light gray or gray-brown scales. Wood light reddish 



