252 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



and about as long as the acute calyx-lobes; stigmas greenish yellow. Fruit solitary 

 or in pairs, on stout peduncles nearly ^' long; acorn nearly as broad as long, full and 

 rounded at the ends, dark chestnut-brown, often obscurely striate, -^'-f long, in- 

 closed for one third to one half its length in a thin cup-shaped or turbinate cup 

 bright red-brown and lustrous on the inner surface, and covered by thin ovate light 

 red-brown scales rounded and acute at the apex and pubescent except on their darker 

 colored margins. 



A tree, usually 50-C0 high, with a trunk rarely exceeding 3 in diameter, or 

 rarely 100 high, with a long naked stem 3-4 in diameter, slender tough horizontal 

 or somewhat pendulous branches forming a narrow round-topped picturesque head, 

 and slender branchlets dark green, lustrous, and often suffused with red when they 

 first appear, soon glabrous, light reddish brown or light brown during their first 

 winter and dark brown in their second year. "Winter-buds ovate, acute, about 

 ^' long, obscurely angled and covered by closely inibricated light chestnut-brown 

 lustrous scales erose and often ciliate on the margins. Bark on young stems and on 

 their branches thin, light brown, smooth, and lustrous, becoming on old trunks f -1^-' 

 thick, and slightly divided by irregular shallow fissures into broad ridges covered by 

 close slightly appressed light brown scales somewhat tinged with red. Wood heavy, 

 hard, rather coarse-grained, light brown tinged with red, with thin lighter colored 

 sapwood; occasionally used in construction, and for clapboards and shingles. 



Distribution. Rich uplands and the fertile bottom-lands of rivers; Lehigh County, 

 Pennsylvania, westward through southern Michigan and Wisconsin to northern Mis- 

 souri and northeastern Kansas, southward to the District of Columbia, and along the 

 Alleg-hanv Mountains to northern Georgia and Alabama, middle Tennessee and north- 

 ern Arkansas; comparatively rare in the east; one of the most abundant Oaks of 

 the lower Ohio basin; probably growing to its largest size in southern Indiana and 

 Illinois. 



Occasionally planted as an ornamental tree in the northern states, and hardy as far 

 north as Massachusetts. 



Quercus Leana, Nutt., scattered usually in solitary individuals from the District 

 of Columbia and western North Carolina to southern Michigan, central and northern 

 Illinois and southeastern Missouri, is believed to be a hybrid between this species 

 and Quercus velutina. 



** Leaves persistent until the appearance of those of the following year. 



19. Quercus hypoleuca, Engelm. 



Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate to elliptical, occasionally somewhat fal- 

 cate, acute and often apiculate at the apex, wedge-shaped or rounded or cordate at 

 the narrow base, entire or repandly serrate above the middle, with occasionally small 

 minute rigid spinose teeth, or on vigorous shoots serrate-lobed, with oblique acute 

 lobes, when they unfold light red, covered with close pale pubescence above and 

 coated below with thick hoary tomentum, at maturity thick and firm, dark yellow- 

 green and lustrous on the upper surface, covered on the lower with thick silvery 

 white or fulvous tomentum, 2'-4' long, ^'-1' wide, with thickened revolute margins, 

 turning yellow or brown and falling gradually during the spring after the appear- 

 ance of the new leaves; their petioles stout, flattened, pubescent or tomentose, \'-\' 

 long. Flo"wers : staminate in slender aments 4'-5' long; calyx thin and scarious, 

 slightly tinged with red, covered with pale hairs and deeply divided into 4 or 5 



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