798 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



lets roughened and somewhat enlarged at tlie nodes by the thickenhig of the large 

 crowded cup-shaped persistent woody bases of the leaves, and covered with thin 

 creamy white bark becoming dark or ashy gray in their third year. Winter-buds 

 with linear acute apiculate scales becoming woody, and persistent for one or two 

 years. Bark of the trunk about ^' thick, light brown tinged with red, and irregularly 

 divided into large thin scales. "Wood heavy, hard, very close-grained, thin, light 

 brown or orange color, with lighter colored sapwood. 



Distribution. Florida only near the shores of Bay Biscayne on rich hummocks; 

 common on the shores of the Baliamas and of many of the Antilles, and southward 

 to southern Mexico, the Pacific coast of the Isthmus of Panama, and to Venezuela. 



B. Ovary inferior (^partly superior in Caprifoliacece). 

 LX. RUBIACE-5I. 







Trees or shrubs, with watery juice, and opposite simple entire leaves turning 

 black in drying, with stipules. Flowers regular, perfect ; calyx-tube adnate 

 to the ovary, its limb 4 or 5-lobed or toothed ; corolla 4 or 5-lobed ; stamens 

 inserted on the tube of the corolla, as many as and alternate with its lobes ; 

 filaments free, or united at the base ; anthers introrse, 2-celled, the cells open- 

 ing longitudinally ; disk epigynous, annular ; ovary inferior ; style slender ; 

 ovules numerous, or 1 in each cell ; raphe ventral ; micropyle superior. Fruit 

 capsular, akene-like, or drupaceous. Seeds with albumen ; seed-coat membra- 

 naceous. 



The Madder family with some three hundred and fifty genera is chiefly 

 tropical, with a few herbaceous genera confined exclusively to temperate re- 

 gions. To this family belong the Coffee, the Cinchonas, South American trees 

 yielding quinine from their bark, and the plant which produces ipecacuanha, a 

 species of Cephaelis and a native of Brazil, the Gardenia and several other 

 plants cultivated for their fragrant flowers. 



CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT GENERA OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Fruit a capsule ; seeds numerous, surrounded by a wing ; parts of the flower in 5's. 



Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes unequal, sometimes developing into rose-colored leaf -like bodies ; 

 filaments free, wing of the seeds broad, oblong-ovate, unsymmetrical on the sides ; 

 leaves deciduous. 1. Pinckneya. 



Calyx 5-toothed ; filaments united into a short tube ; wing of the seed narrow, symmetri- 

 cal ; leaves persistent. 2. Exostema. 

 Fruit akene-like, 1 or 2-seeded ; parts of the flower in 4's or rarely in 5's, flowers in pedun- 

 culate globose heads ; leaves deciduous. 3. Cephalanthus. 

 Fruit drupaceous, with a 4-celled stone ; parts of the flower in 4's ; leaves persistent. 



4. Guettarda. 



1. PINCKNEYA, Michx. 



A tree, with fibrous roots, scaly light brown bitter bark, resinous scaly buds, stout 

 terete pithy branchlets coated while young with hoary tomentum, becoming glabrous, 

 and marked by scattered minute white lenticels and large nearly orbicular or obcor- 

 date leaf-scars displaying a lunate row of numerous crowded fibro-vascular bundle- 

 scars. Leaves complanate in the bud, oblong-oval or ovate, acute at the apex, wedge- 

 shaped at the base, and gradually narrowed into long stout petioles, membranaceous. 



