8 INDEX FA UN& NO V& ZEALANDI^E. 



contains chiefly marine forms, such as seals, penguins, cormo- 

 rants, and the black-backed gull, as well, perhaps, as the black 

 oyster-catcher. There are also several fishes, both fresh-water 

 and marine. The former comprise Cheimarichthys, Prototroctes, 

 Galaxias, and Geotna, but as a close relation to Galaxias 

 called Cromeria has lately been found in the Upper Nile, and a 

 Galaxias in South Africa, we must reconsider our opinions about 

 that genus. Galaxias attenuatus and the Lamprey are migratory, 

 spending some parts of their lives in the sea. Of the marine 

 Antarctic fishes we have Notothenia, Bovichthys, Congiopodus, 

 Gen}pterus, Gonorhynchus and Callorhynchus. There are also 

 several Antarctic crustaceans, such as Cydograpsus, Halicardnus 

 planatus, Rhynchocinetes typus, Leander affinis and Sp/iceroma 

 gigas. 



Of marine mollusca there are Ranella argus, Stritthiolaria, 

 Plaxiphora, Callochiton, Venus stutchburyi, Solenella australis, 

 Mytilus magellanicus, and others. Also our Brachiopods are more 

 closely related to those of the Straits of Magellan than they are to 

 the Brachiopods of Tasmania. The family of earthworms called 

 AcanthodrilidcB is abundant in New Zealand, Patagonia, South 

 Africa, and Kerguelen Land, while it is almost absent from 

 Australia and Tasmania. It occurs, however, in New Caledonia, 

 India, and the West Indian Islands, and so can hardly be con- 

 sidered as of Antarctic origin. 



There may also be a few land invertebrates belonging to the 

 Antarctic element, for the spider, Tetragnatha gutosa, is said to 

 be lound in the Chatham Islands, as well as in the island of St. 

 Paul, but it may have been brought by a whaler. 



I know of no insects that have a true Antarctic distribution. 



The Neo-tropical Element. The Merganser of the Auckland 

 Islands has its nearest relative in Brazil. Our Blue Duck, 

 Hymenolcemus, forms, with Salvadorina of Waigou and Merga- 

 netta of the Andes, a distinct sub-family. And if Mr. Pycraft is 

 right in his opinion that the Dinornithidce are more closely allied 

 to the Rhea than to the Cassowary or Emu,* then this evidence 

 must be added to the rest connecting New Zealand with South 

 America, and perhaps Madagascar. 



The Neo-tropical element is tolerably abundant in our insects. 

 The Crane-fly, Tanyderus, is found in Amboina and Chili, while 



* Trans. Zool. Soc. xv. p. 264. 



