104 



THE BUILDING OF AN ISLAND. 



with a dip to northeast at about 50 degrees, while 

 at the Bluff we find highly contorted strata, the dip 

 varying greatly, but being on the average to a lit- 

 tle south of east. So far, then, we have discovered 

 that the dividing line berween the two sets of dips 

 mu.st begin on the coast, between the e.statp But- 

 ler's Bay and the estate North Side, and must 

 also pass just to the south of the buildings at the 

 estate Puiuli. To fill up the interval as far as 

 po.ssihle. we traverse the road from the estate 

 Sprat Hall up the valley known as the Creque's 

 to the estate Mt. Viitory. On the estate Sprat 

 Hall (the mill-tower lying north-northwest) we 

 find thin beds of indurated clay rocks exposed, 

 some of them decomposing to a white clay, the dip 

 being about 70 or 80 degrees to north by- east. 

 After this the debris brought down by the stream 

 which runs along the bottom of the valley, hides 

 the rocks until we come nearly under Mt. Wa.sh- 

 ington, where we find exposures of layers of in- 

 durated clay and slaty rocks, with dips varying in 

 direction from east to east-northeast, and in 

 amount from about 40 to 50 degrees. 



Hence it appears that we have again crossed 

 the line of divi.sion or, in other words, the anticlinal 

 axis, and just in the place where our previous ob- 

 .servations had led us to expect it. Continuing 

 along the same line of road eastwards we find re- 

 peated evidence that we are traversing the area of 

 northeasterly dips. At the small waterfall, on the 

 way up the valley, we find the dip east-by-north 

 at 35 to 40 degrees. The rocks are mostly slates, 

 some of them thin -bedded and others two feet or 

 more in thickness. The cleavage appears to lie 

 about northwest and southeast. Farther on. near 

 Mt. Victory, slaty beds are shown, dipping to east- 

 northea.st at about 45 degrees. Crossing Annaly 

 Hill, at the top of which, near the mill, there are 

 evidences of strata dipping about east, we come, 

 near its foot, to slaty rocks in slabs with a dip of 

 about 25 degrees to north-northeast, which is ex- 

 ceptionally far round to the north and appears to 

 be only a local departure from the usual direction, 

 for a little farther on, where the road coming down 

 from Annaly joins the road to Montpellier, we find 

 a large gravel pit showing dips at about 30 or 40 

 degrees to east-northeast. Following the road 

 past Montpellier, we find at Two Friends hill 

 layers of slaty rocks dipping to east-northeast at 

 about 45 degrees 



Lower down the valley (near the old mill at 

 Springfield; there are several exhibitions of the 

 rocks by the roadside, mostly slaty, with a rough 



cleavage about northwest and southeast, the dip 

 being east-northeast at about 50 degrees. Lastly, 

 in the natural cut made in the steep hillside by the 

 stream northwest of Grove place there are traces 

 of stratification, the dip being east-by- north at 

 about 45 degrees. 



After emerging at Grove Place into the great 

 plain, the observations cannot be continued to the 

 southeast, the whole plain being covered by debris 

 from the hills, but they can be continued eastwards 

 in the hill at Upper Love village, where two gravel 

 pits reveal the stratification, that on the west side 

 showing a few strata dipping east at about 70 de- 

 grees, that on the east side showing a like dip at 

 about 60 degrees. 



We may further amplify our observations by 

 now returning to the western side of the hilly dis- 

 trict of the Northwest and traversing the road that 

 leads past the estates Prosperity, Jolly Hill, and 

 Orange Grove, and then enters the road just ex- 

 amined. Here we find a beautiful exhibition of 

 the rocks of the district where, at Jolly Hill, the 

 stream crosses the road and runs over a set of in- 

 tensely hard blue-beach rocks, in which the strata 

 are clearly marked. The dip here is south-south- 

 east at a very high angle (about 70 degrees) Far- 

 ther along the road, before reaching Orange Grove 

 village, we find, in a road cutting against the hill- 

 side, stratified rocks dipping to northeast at about 

 45 degrees. Here again it is-plain that we have 

 passed out of the area of southerly dips into the 

 area of northeasterly dips ; in other words, we 

 have once more passed the anticlinal axis, which 

 consequently we are now able to continue from 

 near Punch to a point in the road between Jolly 

 Hill and Orange Grove. 



To establish the fact that the southern dips pre- 

 vail through the southwestern part of the North- 

 west Hills (just as we have shown that northeast 

 dips prevail through the northeastern part), we 

 can add to the observations already made by 

 following the roads leading from the southern 

 plain up the several valleys which come down the 

 south slope of the hills. There are three such 

 roads, the middle one showing on the edge of the 

 stream some plainly stratified rocks dipping to a 

 little east of south at a high angle and to the south 

 of that another outcrop on the east side of the road 

 showing a high dip to north. A careful search in 

 the other two valleys would perhaps give similar 

 evidence, though such has not been seen by the 

 pre.sent writer. 



