• Provisions for statistical reporting on 

 catches; 



• Limits on the number and types of vessels 

 allowed; 



• Use of local shore services; 



• Licensing fees, often based on tons of fish 

 caught, for each of the different fleets licensed to 

 fish; and 



• Creation of joint venture fisheries. 



 Morocco: Morocco is the single most important 

 country to the EC. Because Spain and Morocco 

 share a common marine boundary, both Spanish and 

 Portuguese coastal and distant-water vessels have 

 operated in Moroccan waters. Approximately 800 to 

 900 Portuguese and Spanish vessels fish off the coast 

 of Morocco under bilateral agreements between 

 Portugal (which expired on December 31, 1987) and 

 Spain (which expired on January 3, 1988). 

 Moroccan waters are important to the large number 

 of Spanish small-boat fishermen supplying fresh fish 

 to Spanish markets at premium prices. Under the 

 terms of accession of Portugal and Spain to the EC 

 on January 1, 1986, the EC assumed responsibility 

 for renegotiating continued access for member- 

 country vessels to Morocco's waters. This meant 

 that a very large number of fishermen in both 

 countries were desperate for the EC to negotiate 

 continued access for them. The EC and Morocco 

 concluded a 4-year fisheries agreement on May 26, 

 1988. The agreement allowed a fleet of 800 to 900 

 EC vessels (capacity totaling 100,000 tons) to fish in 

 Morocco's 200-mile EEZ in exchange for a payment 

 of $395 million.'"' The treaty was renegotiated on 

 May 15, 1992. Morocco demanded a much larger 

 cash payment and the EC agreed to a financial 

 package of $660 million, almost as much as Morocco 

 previously demanded for the entire 1988-92 period.™ 

 The EC received permits for 600 vessels (mostly 

 small coastal vessels), but 140 licenses were issued to 

 Spanish high-seas vessels and 3 were issued to Greek 

 high-seas vessels. Licenses were also issued for 20 

 tuna vessels in the agreement. Other provisions 

 included a mid-term review in 1994, the ability to 

 suspend licenses of violators, and the continuation of 

 preferential marketing of Moroccan canned fish 

 (unlimited quantities will be allowed to enter the EC 



duty-free after 1996). EC credits for scientific 

 research and training were also provided. Morocco 

 received the right to station as many as 300 fishery 

 observers aboard EC vessels. Finally, the EC agreed 

 to a 2-month annual fishing ban on coastal and high- 

 seas fishing to allow stocks time to spawn." 



 Mauritania: Mauritania has virtually no domestic 

 fishing industry. Almost all of the fisheries catch has 

 been taken by foreign fishermen. Quite a number of 

 Asian and European countries as well as the Soviet 

 Union conducted fisheries off Mauritania. '' Greek 

 fishermen were fishing off the coast of Mauritania, 

 about 3 years before they joined the EC.'^ Spanish 

 and French fishermen were also interested in this 

 region. The EC and Mauritania began negotiations 

 on a fisheries agreement in 1978 and reached a 

 tentative agreement in 1979.''' Efforts to negotiate a 

 longer-term agreement, however, were stalled for 

 nearly 5 years over the issue of financial 

 compensation.'^ Agreement on the terms of a long- 

 term accord was finally reached on May 14, 1987. 

 Mauritania agreed to allow 41 tuna vessels, mostly 

 French tuna vessels based in Dakar, Senegal, and 

 Spanish vessels based in the Canary Islands, to fish 

 in their waters.'* The EC and Mauritania approved 

 a new protocol on April 18, 1991, which will remain 

 in force until July 3 1 , 1993. The protocol permits 38 

 EC pole-and-line vessels and surface longliners and 

 25 tuna seiners to continue fishing tuna. It also 

 allows trawlers to fish 15,000 tons of black hake per 

 month and 10,000 tons of crustaceans per month 

 (average monthly harvest)." 



 Senegal: The EC-Senegal fisheries agreement 

 signed in June 1979, was the first fisheries agreement 

 between the EC and a developing nation. It covered 

 fishing rights for a number of small French trawlers, 

 several tuna vessels, and some Italian freezer 

 trawlers. The agreement included EC financial 

 assistance to Senegal. A new protocol was signed on 

 January 12, 1984.'* Short-term extensions of the 

 agreement were reached in 1986 to allow negotiations 

 to continue in the absence of a long-term accord. 

 Senegalese demands for increased EC payments 

 resulted in the delays, but agreement was finally 

 reached in 1987. The final agreement, which ran 

 from October 1, 1986, until February 28, 1988, 

 included significantly higher EC payments to Senegal. 

 The agreement also included provisions for EC 

 vessels to land some of their catch in Senegal for 



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