Secretary Calle Schlettwein, there were some 300 

 foreign boats working Namibian waters before 

 independence. This included approximately 202 

 Spanish and 12 Portuguese vessels."* The EC 

 vessels reportedly harvested 260,000 tons of hake 

 with a value of over $86 million. '" Namibia gained 

 its independence on March 21, 1990, and 

 immediately acted to exclude all foreign fishing off 

 its coast. This action was designed to give heavily 

 fished stocks a chance to recover and allowed local 

 authorities time to install their own programs and 

 goals. Namibian authorities began to patrol their 

 waters aggressively for violators."* This included the 

 large Spanish fleet of more than 200 trawlers. 

 Unfortunately, some Spanish vessel owners continued 

 to fish illegally in Namibian waters. This led to 

 confrontations with Namibia and five Spanish vessels 

 were seized (the average value of each vessel was 

 $11 million)."' The captains were ordered to pay 

 $71,000 each in fines or were ordered to serve 2 

 years in prison. Eight remaining officers were 

 sentenced to pay $7,100 or spend 6 months in jail. 

 Pending negotiations with the EC broke off in the 

 face of continued illegal fishing. The situation in 

 1993 has changed: stocks have had a substantial 

 period of time to slowly recover and illegal fishing 

 had virtually ceased.'-" Local press reports suggested 

 that the Namibian fishing industry is having a "hard 

 time" maintaining access to its European markets.'^' 

 Part of the problem can be attributed to the flood of 

 Russian-caught groundfish being landed in France; 

 the flood of cheap imports led to rioting by French 

 fishermen. The EC responded by imposing minimum 

 import prices on many groundfish, including hake. 

 This has impacted the Namibian fishing industry and 

 threatens to delay the development of Namibia's 

 fisheries.'" Namibian canned pilchards have begun 

 to reappear in UK supermarkets and canned tuna 

 production is projected to increased from 200,000 

 cases to one million cases in 1994.'-^ It has been 

 reported that Namibia's fishing quota has risen from 

 80,000 tons in 1992 to 1 15,000 tons in 1993. '^^ 



 Republic of South Africa: There are no direct 

 fishery agreements between the EC and the Republic 

 of South Africa. However, the EC has allowed 

 member states to continue previously negotiated 

 bilateral fishery agreements with the Republic of 

 South Africa.'-" Portugal, for example, finalized 

 bilateral fishery agreements with South Africa on 

 April 8, 1979, and Spain signed a similar fisheries 



agreement with South Africa on March 8, 1982. 

 Both agreements were initially valid for 10 years and 

 have since been extended. The latest extention came 

 in 1993 when the EC permitted both Portugal and 

 Spain to extend their agreements with the Republic of 

 South Africa until March 7, 1994.'^* The authors 

 have few details on European operations in South 

 Africa. Three companies, probably EC-based, 

 operate high-seas vessels from South African ports 

 which are registered in the Cayman Islands.'" 



6. East Africa 



 Mozambique: The EC signed a protocol on 

 fisheries in Maputo on March 18-21, 1983; the 

 agreement included an EC pledge to contribute $3 

 million in aid towards an artisanal fisheries project.'^* 

 The EC and Mozambique , signed a 3-year fisheries 

 agreement in 1986, effective January 1, 1987, which 

 permitted 40 tuna vessels to fish Mozambican waters. 

 The agreement also permitted EC shrimp vessels to 

 operate off Mozambique. The EC agreed to pay 

 about $9.6 million for this access. The agreement 

 included EC assistance for fisheries research.'" An 

 exchange of letters between the EC and Mozambique 

 subsequently extended the agreement from January 1 , 

 1990, until December 31, 1991. '^^ The exchange of 

 letters allowed for continued shrimp fishing and for 

 licenses to be issued for 44 tuna vessels in exchange 

 for EC payments of $7.5 million.'^' 



 Madagascar: The EC and Madagascar reached an 

 agreement on fisheries in December 1984,"- but the 

 agreement was not signed until January 28, 1986. 

 The agreement allowed 33 tuna vessels to fish off 

 Madagascar for a 3-year period.'" The agreement 

 was particularly important to French tuna and shrimp 

 fishermen. The agreement was amended on 

 November 12, 1987, and extended from May 21, 

 1989, to May 20, 1992. The agreement initialed in 

 1989 allowed the EC to increase the number of tuna 

 licenses from 40 to 45 vessels. An experimental 

 shrimp fishing operation was authorized."^ The 

 agreement has since been renewed and will run 

 through May 1995. The new agreement permits 50 

 tuna vessels to fish off Madagascar in exchange for 

 $2 million in EC payments.'^' 



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