 Tanzania: The EC signed its first fisheries 

 agreement with Tanzania on December 19, 1990. 

 The agreement apparently permits fishing for tuna 

 and shrimp in Tanzania's waters, but few details are 

 available to the authors.''^ The EC agreed to pay 

 $678,000 for fishing rights. 



7. Indian Ocean 



The primary EC interest in the Indian Ocean is 

 tuna. The EC has successfully negotiated a series of 

 agreements which provided access for EC tuna 

 seiners to important Indian Ocean resources in 

 exchange for fee payments and market access for the 

 countries involved. In addition, several of the 

 agreements described above under "East Africa" also 

 provide the EC access to Indian Ocean tuna grounds. 



 Comoro Islands: The EC and the Comoro Islands 

 signed a fisheries agreement in Brussels on August 

 23, 1988. The 3 -year agreement allows EC 

 fishermen aboard as many as 40 tuna vessels to catch 

 6,000 tons of tuna aimually in Comoro's waters in 

 exchange for financial compensation from the EC.'" 

 The agreement was extended from July 20, 1991, to 

 July 19, 1994, in an exchange of letters. ''* The EC 

 agreed to pay $1.7 million for the right to fish in the 

 Comoros' fishing zone. 



 Mauritius: The EC and Mauritius signed a 

 fisheries trade agreement in 1984 allowing canned 

 tuna packed in Mauritius, but imported in raw form 

 from other countries, to be considered as originating 

 in Mauritius. The agreement allowed Mauritius to 

 develop its tuna fishing industry and to continue 

 exporting canned tuna to the European Community 

 under favorable terms. This agreement was extended 

 on July 16, 1985, June 5, 1989, and June 20, 

 J99Q 139 -j^g g(-. ^j^j Mauritius agreed to a fisheries 

 access agreement in 1988, which allowed 40 tuna 

 seiners, and an unspecified number of longliners 

 and/or trawlers to fish in Mauritian waters. EC 

 financial assistance was provided in exchange for 

 fishing rights.'"" The EC agreed to pay $2 million to 

 Mauritius for access to their fishing grounds in the 

 latest agreement. 



 Seychelles: The EC and Seychelles officials 

 signed a 3-year agreement on January 18, 1984, 

 which allowed 18 EC tuna purse seiners to fish in 

 waters around the Seychelles. In exchange, the EC 



agreed to fees for the right to fish.'"' This agreement 

 has since been extended and the Seychelles is an 

 important base for French and Spanish tuna fishing 

 fleets. The agreement was extended over the years. 

 An accord reached in 1990, extended the Agreement 

 until January 1993 and allowed 40 high-seas tuna 

 seiners to fish off the Seychelles in exchange for 

 compensation amounting to $11.6 million.'"^ This 

 agreement was extended until January 17, 1996. The 

 agreement continued to allow 40 tuna seiners to fish 

 off the Seychelles, but the financial compensation 

 package was reduced to $10.8 million.'"^ 



8. Latin America 



European countries have deployed few vessels off 

 Latin America. While several countries have 

 expressed an interest beginning in the 1960s, the 

 greater distances involved, early introduction of 200- 

 mile zones, highly nationalistic policies, restrictive 

 laws, and a greater enforcement capability combined 

 to limit deployment. German and Spanish fishermen 

 deployed a few trawlers off Argentina (joint ventures) 

 and Chile (licenses). The Spanish deployed a few 

 tuna seiners off Ecuador (joint ventures/association 

 contracts) during the 1970s and 1980s. The French 

 deployed a few shrimp trawlers off French Guiana, 

 which is administered as an overseas French 

 Department. The British decision to declare a 150- 

 mile zone around the Falklands and issue fishing 

 licenses provided opportunities for some EC countries 

 (especially Spain) to fish in the Southwestern 

 Atlantic, but most of the licenses were issued to 

 Eastern European and Asian countries. 



 Argentina: Argentina declared a 200-mile zone in 

 1967, primarily as a result of expanding Soviet 

 fisheries in the southwest Atlantic. Several European 

 countries subsequently expressed interest in fishing 

 off Argentina, but Argentine policies were highly 

 restrictive. The authors believe that a small number 

 of European vessels may have obtained access 

 through joint-venture arrangements, but details are 

 not available to confirm this. After the 1982 

 Falklands conflict with the British, the Argentines 

 tried to negotiate fishery agreements with distant- 

 water fishing countries. The Argentine diplomatic 

 effort was aimed at discouraging the distant-water 

 countries from purchasing British Falkland licenses 

 and thus providing defacto recognition of British 

 jurisdiction. The arrangements offered by the 



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